"The Sacred Buildings of the Religions of the World" (Fundamentals of World Religious Cultures). The main types of places of worship in world religions Orkse presentation sacred buildings
Municipal State Educational Institution "Lahdenpoh Secondary comprehensive school»
Summary of the lesson on ORKSE on the topic:
« Sacred Buildings of the Religions of the World»
(4th grade)
Developed by primary school teacher Stepanenko V.I.
2016/2017
Subject:
Module « Fundamentals of the world religious cultures»
Tasks:
To consolidate knowledge about sacred structures, features and their purpose;
Instilling interest in the subject through competition;
Development of the ability to work in a team;
Cultivate a friendly relationship with each other.
Equipment: multimedia device, computer.
During the classes.
I . Organizing time.
What is a sacred building?(sacred building- a building associated with a religious cult related to worship).
What do the sacred structures of the religions of the world have in common? (These are especially holy places where people communicate with God.
How do they differ from each other? (The rules of construction, decoration and behavior. They are traditional for each religion)
The topic of our lessonSacred buildings of the religions of the world ", which will be held in the form of a game, which is built on the principle of the television quiz" Own game.
Rules of the game.
The game is played by 4 teams. The players themselves choose the theme and the number of points. You can select questions in any order. The higher the cost of the question, the more difficult it is.
The team is given one minute to think about the question. In the event that the team members do not answer the question, the right to answer passes to another team.
The transition to the selected question and back to the table is carried out by hyperlinks. The correct answer appears at the click of the mouse.
II . Main part. Game progress.
I . Theme "Christianity"
1. The name of the Orthodox church(church) 10 points
2. The most sacred place in a Christian temple(altar) 20 points
3. What is an iconostasis?(Wall with icons separating the altar).30 points
4. What usually ends on top of the building of an Orthodox church? (The building of the temple ends with a dome on top. The dome ends at the top with a dome, on which a cross is placed to the glory of the head of the Church of Jesus Christ).40 points
II. Theme "Judaism"
1. "Meeting house" where the Jews pray.(Synagogue) 10 points
2. What is a minor(One of the most ancient symbols Judaism , a metal candlestick with seven clay or glass lamps)20 points
3. What is a torus?(This is Scripture in a special scroll of handwritten text. The scroll is made of specially treated parchment, the ends of which are fixed on two carved wooden bases)30 points
4. What is a tabernacle? (The tabernacle (from the Greek "skene" - a tent) is a Hebrew portable camping temple. According to the biblical story, S. was built according to the pattern shown by God to Moses on Mount Sinai. S. was divided into 2 sections: a larger one - a sanctuary and a smaller one - a holy saints, where the ark of the covenant was located.S. in Christianity is considered a prototype christian church) 40 points
III . Theme "Islam"
1. What is a minaret?(A minaret is not just a tower, it is a structure that is being built near a mosque. Its functional purpose is somewhat similar to Christian bell towers - to notify believers of the beginning of prayer and convene them to perform a common prayer)10 points
2. What is a mihrab? ( construction or a complex of buildings for cult, religious needs (departure of services, reading prayers and appeals to God), serving God).20 points
3. What is the name of the Muslim prayer building(mosque) 30 points
4. What is a house? (Almost every mosque and every traditional Arab house has a courtyard (sahn) which is surrounded by rooms or a whole arcade of rooms. Usually in the center there was a small pool called a hauz. If the mosque had such a courtyard, it was used for ceremonial ablutions)40 points
IV. Theme "Buddhism"
1. What are Buddhist temples called?(pagodas) 10 points
2. What is a stupa?(A stupa is a Buddhist religious monument erected in the name of some event in Buddhism or simply in the name of peace, prosperity and harmony).20 points
3. Name the founder of Buddhism.(The founder of Buddhism is Buddha ("Enlightened One").Buddhism originated in ancient india in the VI-V centuries. BC in India and named after its legendary founder Gautama, who later received the name Buddha (enlightened).30 points
4. Collection of texts of Buddhism.(Tipitaka) 40 points
V . Theme "Temples of our city"
1. On August 2, the patronal feast of the city of Lakhdenpokhya is celebrated. On this day, the Bell Art Festival takes place.On the territory of which chapel is the bell art festival held?(On the territory of the chapel of the Holy Great Martyr Valentine.The chapel is dedicated to the memory of FSB Lieutenant General Valentin Mikhailovich Chuikin, who died heroically in 2004.) 10 points
2.Do you recognize this chapel? Where is it?(Chapel of George the Victorious, central square).20 points
3. In whose honor was the chapel built?George the Victorious?(It was built in honor of the Great Martyr George, the main patron of soldiers, to commemorate all those soldiers who did not return from the Great Patriotic War). 30 points
4 . What city is this temple in? Who was it named after? What was the Prophet Elijah patron of? (The Temple of the Prophet Elijah, the city of Lahdenpokhya.Elijah the prophet is revered, first of all, as the patron of agriculture, he is called upon in drought)40 points
III . Summary of the lesson.
1. In order to check how you remember the new words that are encountered today in the lesson, fill out the table "The Sacred Buildings of the Religions of the World"
Table "Sacred buildings of the religions of the world"
| Christianity | Judaism | Islam | Buddhism |
1. Church 2. Synagogue 3. Pagoda 4. Menorah 5. Altar 6. Iconostasis 7. Minaret 8. Mihrab 9. Bell tower 10. Stupa 11. House 12. Buddha 13. Torah 14. Mosque 15. Tabernacle
2. Check if the table is filled in correctly.
| Christianity | Judaism | Islam | Buddhism |
| Church Altar Iconostasis Bell tower | Synagogue Menorah Torah Tabernacle | Minaret mihrab House Mosque | Pagoda Altar Mortar Buddha |
3. I propose to solve the fieldword. Each team is looking for words related to different religions, highlight them.
1 team - with Christianity, 2 - with Buddhism, 3 - with Islam, 4 - with Judaism.
4. Check if you filled out the fieldword correctly.
| M | E | H | E | T | b | |||||||
| C | E | R | TO | ABOUT | IN | b | ||||||
| WITH | AND | H | A | G | ABOUT | G | A |
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| P | A | G | ABOUT | D | A | B | At | D | D | A |
||
| A | L | T | A | R | b |
|||||||
| M | E | H | ABOUT | R | A | |||||||
| M | AND | H | A | R | E | T | T | ABOUT | R | A |
||
| AND | TO | ABOUT | H | ABOUT | WITH | T | A | WITH |
||||
| TO | ABOUT | L | ABOUT | TO | ABOUT | L | b | H | I |
|||
| WITH | TO | AND | H | AND | I | |||||||
| WITH | T | At | P | A | X | A | At | W | ||||
| M | AND | X | R | A | B |
5. In countries where different religions coexist peacefully, their temples do not interfere with each other. Different peoples can enrich each other by learning the customs and traditions of each other.
Any road begins with the first steps, a building - from the foundation, and a person becomes a person only by learning the history of his Motherland, the traditions of his people, his family. By studying the history of culture, a person thereby joins the rites of the religion that he professes and is interested in. That nation is rich, which honors its history, cultural heritage, and also respects and preserves the traditions of other peoples.
Used Books
http://www.to-world-travel.ru/img/%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C/1571/1571.37642.jpg church
http://www.istmira.com/uploads/posts/2016-01/1452464106_bely_kolodec_altar.jpg lotus stupa
https://www.colourbox.com/preview/6790337-buddha-statue-in-stupa.jpg buddha statue in mortar
http://zero50x.myjino.ru/allpic/39/15381-img_3.jpg founder buddha
http://sirius-ru.net/img/liki_otkrytki/liki_b/001.jpg founder buddha
https://fs00.infourok.ru/images/doc/227/41642/2/img1.jpg tipitaka
Photo from personal archive
Beglov A.L., Saplina E.V., Tokareva E.S. Textbook "Fundamentals of World Religious Cultures" (grades 4-5) M., Education, 2011
This material can be used for ORKSE lesson. Fundamentals of world religious cultures. This work includes the general features of the main sacred buildings of Christianity (more specifically Orthodoxy), Islam, Buddhism and Judaism.
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MBOU Lyceum №11 Kiryushchenko E.V.
MODULE: ORKSE. BASES OF WORLD RELIGIOUS CULTURES OF THE WORLD.
PROJECT WORK ON THE TOPIC:
"SACRED STRUCTURES OF CHRISTIANITY, ISLAM, BUDDHISM AND JUDAISM"
PERFORMED:
Primary school teacher
MBOU Lyceum №11, Khimki
Kiryushchenko Ekaterina Vladimirovna
1 group
Moscow, 2013
“And we didn’t know whether we were in heaven or on earth: for there is no such sight and beauty on earth, we don’t know how to tell about it.”
(From "The Tale of Bygone Years")
Target: to acquaint with the device, purpose and architectural features of the sacred structures of Christianity, Islam, Buddhism and Judaism.
Tasks:
- To form an idea of the main sacred buildings of world religions - a church, a mosque, a pagoda, a synagogue, a stupa.
- Learn to recognize sacred structures different religions according to their characteristic architectural features.
- To cultivate a respectful and caring attitude towards the sacred buildings of different religious cultures as monuments of world culture.
Basic terms:tabernacle, temple, church, domes, altar, iconostasis, fresco, bell tower, chapel, mosque, minaret, mihrab, minbar, stupa, pagoda, datsan, synagogue, menorah, Torah, Aron kodesh, bima.
People of different religious cultures are united by turning to God through prayer.
To turn to God, people gather in different places. These places are called sacred.
For a believer, visiting a temple is like a holiday. He feels the peace of the soul, the cheerfulness of the body and the infinite happiness from the possibility of touching something higher. He seeks love, protection and blessings for good undertakings. People pray for healing, for the strengthening of faith and guidance on the true path, for heartfelt joy, for the gift of piety and mercy.
Already in ancient times, people began to gather together to pray to their gods and make sacrifices to them. The first sacred places of our ancestors looked like a tent, a tent. Tabernacle (Greek) skene - tent) by biblical story- a portable temple in a tent, which the ancient Jews had before the construction of the temple in Jerusalem. Either they were made of stone, temples appeared later.
The oldest and most mysterious religious building is located in England and is called stonehenge . It consists of huge stones located in the open air. Their true purpose is still unknown.
Later, people began to build temples dedicated to the gods (Ancient Greece, Ancient Egypt). These temples were dedicated to individual gods.
Temple - architectural structure intended for worship and religious rites.
In Christianity, only that building in which there is an altar and the Eucharist is celebrated is a temple, and the building where there is no altar and the Eucharist is not celebrated is called a chapel.
In Judaism, there can only be one temple, the Jerusalem Temple, on the entire planet. Today, the Jews do not officially have a temple, and the synagogue in Widuaism is not a temple, and in many respects it is similar in cult functions to a Christian chapel.
In Islam, there is traditionally no temple, and the Muslim mosque is in many respects similar in terms of religious functions to the Jewish synagogue and the Christian chapel.
The significance of temples is often much broader than the ritual functions they perform and the religious ideas they embody. In the symbolism of architecture and decorative decoration of temples, ideas about the universe are revealed; in many eras (especially in the Middle Ages in Europe), temples were a place of public meetings, solemn ceremonies, had a memorial character, and had the right of asylum.
Christianity.
From the time of the Baptism of Rus' and the adoption of Orthodoxy by Russia, that is, from the year 988, the process of active temple construction began. On the site of the future settlement, the city, first of all, a church is being built. To the church for worship on Sundays and on great church holidays all or almost all residents of a village or city come. In the temple, as a rule, the baptism of newborns is performed, the wedding of the newlyweds takes place here, and the dead Orthodox Christians are buried in the temple. Seeing off the defenders of the Fatherland to the war and thanksgiving services after the victory are also performed in the temple. Near the temple, our ancestors gathered for public meetings, not far from the temple, a trading square was arranged. Thus, Orthodox church for many centuries of Russian history it has been both a place of general public gatherings and a place of consecration of all aspects of human life.
For the construction of wooden churches were all the necessary conditions, since in our lands, mainly forests, they knew how to build from wood. Therefore, due to the availability of material, wooden temples were built everywhere. The need for churches during the formation and flourishing of Orthodoxy in Rus' was enormous, and it was much faster and easier to build a wooden church than a stone one. In wooden architecture, Russian craftsmen reached perfection: they built quickly, beautifully, without a single nail, all elements of the building were fastened only with wood.
During the construction of the church, much attention was paid to bathing. The form of domes changed in Russian architecture. More ancient - a helmet-shaped form of a dome.
Ancient Rus' was quite often attacked by various tribes, nomadic peoples, with whom it was forced to fight. Therefore, the helmet-shaped shape of the dome reminded of the valiant warriors and heroes - the defenders of the Fatherland.
The bulbous shape of the dome appeared much later and symbolized the flame of a candle. Such bulbous cupolas resemble fiery tongues, directed upwards, to heaven.
No less significant is the color of the dome. The golden domes of the main temples dedicated to Christ or Orthodox holidays, - a symbol of heavenly glory. The green domes were dedicated to the Trinity and symbolized the color of the Holy Spirit. The blue domes with stars are dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary and remind of the birth of Christ from the Virgin Mary. Temples dedicated to saints are crowned with domes of green or silver color.
A cross rises above the heads. This suggests that the temple is Christian, and in it Christ crucified on the cross, who is the Head of the Church, is glorified.
The number of domes has a symbolic meaning.
Initially, in Rus', the temples had one head, which meant the One God. Later, temples with several domes began to be erected. Three heads symbolize the Holy Trinity, five domes symbolize Christ and four evangelists, seven heads symbolize the seven sacred sacraments of the Church, nine are placed according to the number angelic ranks, thirteen symbolize Christ and the twelve apostles. The number of chapters could reach up to thirty.
Consider the interior of the temple. Let us slowly ascend the steps leading to the doors of the temple and enter its vestibule, which marks the initial stage of a person's spiritual life. Previously, there were Christians who were excommunicated for serious sins from Holy Communion. They humbly asked those who came in to pray for them with the hope of God's mercy.
The most sacred place in the temple is the altar. The priest prays there, and without his blessing no one can enter there. This is not a secret room, just a person must understand that not everything is allowed to him. Often the altar is separated from the rest of the temple by a barrier - an iconostasis. Icons are placed on the iconostasis - images of Christ and the saints. In the center of the iconostasis are the Royal Doors.
In Christian churches, wall paintings - frescoes - are also used. Many frescoes depict biblical scenes.
The middle part of the temple is intended for the prayer of the faithful or those who have already been baptized. In this part of the temple there are solea, pulpit, kliros and iconostasis. It is the middle part that bears the name of the actual temple. It is customary to keep silence in the church. Men, entering the temple, take off their hats, and women cover their heads. During worship, its participants do not turn their backs to the altar
A bell tower or belfry is often attached to the church, on which the bells are located. Their ringing calls the faithful to prayer.
Islam.
The sacred building of Islam is the mosque.
Mosque (from Arabic masjid - a place where people bow to the ground) is, first of all, a prayer building in Islam. It should also be noted that the mosque is not a holy building for Muslims. This is not a temple in the full sense of the word. The only exception is Masjid al-haram - the "forbidden mosque" (Mecca, Saudi Arabia). In the center of Masjid al-haram stands the Kaaba - the main shrine of Muslims.
There are Friday (cathedral), quarter and home mosques.
The almost closed crescent began to be used in the architecture of mosques about 665 years ago. A significant contribution to the establishment of the month as a symbol of Islam was made by the leadership of the Ottoman Caliphate, which was an influential world power for more than five centuries. There is no religious confirmation of the need to use the crescent on the domes of mosques. The sign of the crescent was used by different peoples and civilizations. It was considered a sign of loftiness and superiority. One of the supposed reasons for the appearance of the crescent moon on the buildings of mosques is that the Muslim chronology takes place according to the lunar calendar.
The classical device of the mosque includes:
The actual prayer building (as a rule, with galleries);
Courtyard, where there should be a fountain for ablution;
One or more minarets (a tower for calling Muslims to prayer).
Inside the mosque building, there must be a mihrab - a niche in the wall facing Mecca. In the Friday mosque there is also a minbar - a pulpit for a preacher, standing to the right of the mihrab. The floor in mosques is usually covered with mats and carpets.
There are no icons, sculptures, images of people or wildlife in general in the mosque. It is decorated only with special inscriptions (as a rule, verses from the Koran) and various ornaments.
Women usually pray on the second floor or in a fenced-off part of the first floor. The entrance to the mosque for men and women is both common and separate.
Visitors to the mosque behave very relaxed: they sit or lie on the floor, eat, sleep, communicate with each other. But at the same time, at any time, someone can perform namaz, i.e. pray. Believers read the Qur'an or simply focus on the thought of the Almighty. When the time for prayer comes, believers perform ablution (wudu) and line up behind the imam - the primate in prayer. Those who for some reason do not take part in collective prayer are not required to leave the mosque.
Three mosques in Islam are considered the main shrines: the mosque of al-Haram (Kaaba) in Mecca, the mosque of the Prophet Muhammad in Medina, the mosque of al-Aqsa in Jerusalem.
Buddhism.
There are two main types of Buddhist structures:
The first type is designed to support the life of the monastery: temples, sometimes reaching enormous sizes, rooms for monks, a hall for believers, libraries.
The second type is structures that are in themselves an object of worship: a stupa, an altar. They are the center of the monastery and serve as the guardian of sacred relics.
Mortar. According to legend, the first stupas were erected after cremation according to the Indian custom of the body of the Buddha - to store his ashes, divided into eight parts according to the number of regions of India. Stupas are hemispherical, tower-shaped or bell-shaped. In the system of Buddhist symbolism, the stupa is seen as a vertical model of the universe. It symbolizes the "creativity of the universe." architectural features Stupas in each country are determined by local traditions. There are 5 main parts of the stupa:
- top,
- umbrella,
- spire,
- sphere
- base.
According to their architectural design, world-famous stupas are usually classified into eight types, dedicated, respectively, to eight events from the life of the Buddha: birth, attainment of Enlightenment, turning the wheel of the Teaching (Four Noble Truths), miraculous deeds, descent to earth from heaven, harmony in the Sangha, victory, death.
The peculiarity of the Buddhist stupa is that there is no space inside at all. Sometimes there is only a small box for ashes or some other relic, but in the vast majority of cases - there is nothing at all, not even emptiness - just a grave mound with the meaning of the place where death is transformed into new life, places of origin, potentialities, Cosmos and many worlds ...
Another of the sacred buildings of Buddhism is the Pagoda. The pagoda is a tower-like, often multi-tiered building, inside which Buddhist relics were usually kept. The currently known type of pagoda was formed in China in the first centuries AD. (according to a number of sources - in the III century). The oldest of the Chinese pagodas (Sun-yue-sy in Henan, 523, etc.) are massive and simple in form; in the future, especially from the 14th century, the pagodas become more slender and light. A variety of materials were used for their construction, including metal slabs (the iron pagoda in Tanyang, 10th-11th centuries), but brick buildings are the most common.
The tiers of the pagoda symbolize the steps of ascent to Heaven, and their decreasing size symbolizes the upward movement into infinite and boundless space. The spire crowning the pagoda symbolizes the ascension of the Buddha and the exit from the circle of samsara. Pagodas are, as a rule, nine- or seven-tier structures of a round or octagonal shape.
In Buddhism, sacred temples are called "datsans". Datsans include religious buildings (sculptures of deities, stupas, prayer drums - khurdhe) and outbuildings, as well as houses in which monks and novices live.
Buddhists go to datsans to pray, bow to deities, ask for advice from a lama, and get answers to their questions from an astrologer lama. In the peaceful atmosphere of the datsan, a person is cleansed and becomes wiser.
The distinctive features of Buddhist temples are multi-level roofs, hanging cornices, gilded pillars and wooden decorations in the form of mythical animals.
Near the walls of Buddhist temples there are long rows of prayer wheels rotating on a vertical axis, inside of which there are sheets of prayers. Repeated scrolling of the prayer wheels by the worshipers replaces their reading of the prayer: how many times the drum was spun, so many times the Buddhist "read" the prayer. You can only turn the drum with your right hand, because left hand considered unclean. A solemn detour around the temple (stupa) is made so that it is on the right hand, i.e. the detour is done in a clockwise direction.
Inside the Buddhist temple is a square room with an altar located opposite the entrance.
Altar. A traditional Buddhist altar consists of several groups of objects. The first group includes three objects representing the body, speech and mind of the Buddha. They are the essence of the altar.
The first among these objects is the statue of Buddha or Bodhisattva. It is located in the center.
The second object is the sacred text. It represents the speech of the Buddha, wrapped in brown or yellow cloth and placed on the left.
The third object is located on the right side of the altar - this is a stupa - a symbol of the mind of the Buddha.
The second group of objects are offerings. In most cases, seven bowls are used. They contain offerings to the Buddhas and Bodhisattvas. The bowls are placed in a straight line (from left to right, if you are facing the altar). They contain:
- a bowl of water for drinking (symbolizes the purity of the mind);
- a bowl of water for washing (symbolizes the purity of the body);
- rice and flowers (symbolize the purity of the look);
- lampada (symbolizes illumination: darkness is ignorance, light is wisdom);
- fragrant water (symbolizes devotion);
- rice and food (fruits and sweets) - presented as a gesture of gratitude;
- bell (symbolizes the awakening of beings who hear the Dharma).
The third group is "vajra" (translated as "diamond"), a bell, crystal ball and other items that can be used constantly or during special rituals. The altar is located on the highest place, on the northwestern side of the house, the temple.
Judaism.
When the ancient Jews believed in the One God, not then but later they built the famous Temple in Jerusalem. Around the Temple, which was the only one for them, their whole life was concentrated. Its destruction was perceived by the Jews as a terrible tragedy. But their joint prayers did not stop. Settled in different countries, groups of Jews began to use "meeting houses" - synagogues for joint prayers and reading the Holy Scriptures. Synagogues are the main sacred buildings for Jews today. It should be noted that the synagogue is not a temple.
Outwardly, synagogues may look different, but inside their structure is always subject to certain rules. At one of the walls of the prayer hall, a special casket is placed in which a Torah scroll is kept. In accordance with tradition, the text of the Torah intended to be read during worship must be handwritten. In the center of the synagogue is an elevation from which the Torah is read. Above the cabinet is a lamp - a menorah, in which there should always be seven wicks. A stone slab or bronze plaque is usually placed next to the lamp, with the Ten Commandments engraved on it, which God once gave to Moses.
The functions of the synagogue are very wide. Often, synagogues have schools in which children and teenagers study the Torah (the set of God's commandments). By tradition, synagogues provide the community with a library. It is considered a very pious act to buy books for such a library. Any member of the community is entitled to use them. The synagogue celebrates the birth, coming of age, the ransom of the firstborn and other religious rites.
Once upon a time, the beit din, the local religious court, sat in the synagogue. The board of the synagogue disposed of funds to help those in need, accommodated visitors for the night, and so on.
Synagogues are completely independent. Any group of believers can organize a synagogue. To manage the synagogue, believers themselves choose leaders. Any synagogue, modest or luxurious, must be equipped accordingly. There must be:
- cabinet or niche (Aron Kodesh) where the Torah scrolls are kept. It is usually placed against the wall facing towards Jerusalem. It must be covered with a special curtain.
- Eternal fire, a lamp that must constantly burn, symbolizing the commandment; “to kindle an eternal flame in front of the tablets…”
- An elevation (bima) on which stands a table where the Torah scroll is placed during the reading of the weekly chapters.
- Office for women, sometimes a balcony, sometimes a side or rear aisle. There was also a section for women in the Jerusalem Temple.
It is also allowed to decorate the synagogue in accordance with the tastes and possibilities of the community: stained glass windows, frescoes, wood carvings, etc. Restrictions apply only to images of people.
Conclusion
Having studied all the features of the sacred structures of the religions of the world, we can again return to the epigraph and give it a definition. The epigraph says that our ancestors spoke about sacred structures. That there is nothing on earth better and more amazing than sacred buildings different peoples.
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Text content of presentation slides: Fundamentals of world religious cultures Lesson No. 12 "Sacred buildings" Author: Baranova Oksana Gennadievna Place of work: GBOU School No. 1362 Year of creation: 2014 Place of creation: GBOU School No. 428 Repetition Conceptual dictionary Religion is a connection between a person and God. Religious actions are actions performed by believers for the purpose of communication with God. Sacred structures are specially created structures for the joint performance of ritual actions by believers. Sacred buildings of antiquityAncient people gathered together in order to pray to their gods and make sacrifices to them. The tabernacle is a portable tent among the ancient Jews. Stonehenge in England An ancient prayer structure made of stones arranged in a certain order. Stone is in English “stone”. Temples dedicated to gods Ancient Greece, ancient rome, ancient egypt, Ancient India, Ancient China, Ancient Japan. Parthenon in Ancient Greece
The sacred buildings of JudaismThe Temple of the One God in Jerusalem was the only and main institution of the Jewish religion and their whole life passed around it. The Jews perceived the destruction of the Temple by the conquerors as a terrible tragedy. The synagogues of the “meeting house” are the sacred buildings of the Jews for joint prayers and reading the Holy Scriptures. Synagogue Outwardly, synagogues may look different, but inside their device is subject to certain rules and is based on the design of the Temple, which in turn repeated the device of the tabernacle. Glossary of terms Torah - the Pentateuch of Moses or the Book of Moses. God, individual commandments or a set of laws. A Torah scroll - a parchment scroll with the text of the Torah, used mainly for reading in the synagogue, is the most sacred object of Jewish religious worship. Synagogue One of the walls of the building has a cupboard in which a Torah scroll is kept. In the center of the synagogue is an elevation. The Torah is read from it. There is also an "unquenchable lamp" - it symbolizes the menorah, the oil lamp (seven candlestick) of the Temple and a stone or bronze plaque with the Ten Commandments engraved on it, which God once gave to Moses. Christian churchesIn order to perform divine services and prayers, the first Christians did not build special churches, they gathered in ordinary residential buildings. Another place of worship was the burial place of those Christians who suffered for their faith. They were usually located in underground tombs - catacombs. Later Christian temples- churches. Christian TemplesArrangement of a Christian TempleChurch of Christ the Savior Mosque - a prayer building for MuslimsKul-Shirif Mosque Device of a mosqueMinaret - a special tower from which believers are called to prayer. A niche (mihrab) - is in every mosque, always facing Mecca, the holy city for Muslims. It indicates where a Muslim should turn during prayer. The tribune on which the preacher stands. Prayer in the mosque is led by the imam. Literally, Korna is the words of bBga (Allah). There are no paintings, sculptures, and generally images of living beings in the mosque. It is decorated with special inscriptions (usually verses from the Koran) and various ornaments. Rules for visiting mosques by Muslims Enter without shoes, perform ablution before prayer, it is advisable to wear clean clothes. Women pray in a separate room from men, on a balcony or at the end of the hall behind a curtain. Women's clothes should cover their entire body. Except for the face and hands. Buddhist Sacred Buildings Stupas are a special building in which the ashes of the Buddha are placed. Initially, there were eight stupas and consisted of three parts. It was they who became the object of worship of Buddhists. In the future, more and more complex stupas began to be built. They turned into tall multi-tiered buildings - pagodas. An altar is a cloth-covered table on which various ritual objects. A table is set up in front of the image of the deities above the platforms, where Buddhist monks sit during worship. Multi-colored ribbons, cloth cylinders, silk scarves, umbrellas, balls filled with fragrant herbs and lanterns of various shapes and colors hang from the ceiling. Rules for visiting a Buddhist temple. It is necessary to take off your hat. In the temple you can sit on benches and on the floor. It is best to go around the temple during the service, trying not to turn your back to the altar. The largest temple in Europe. Kalmykia. G. Elista. Reflection Why did people begin to create sacred structures? Could they do without them? Why is the synagogue not considered a temple by the Jews? What is an icon? How should a Muslim behave in a mosque? Why are there no images in a mosque, but only ornament and words from the Koran? Answers to Questions Sacred structures are specially created structures for joint ritual actions. After a person began to lead a sedentary lifestyle, chapels invariably claimed the best place In human life. The word synagogue literally means "assembly." In the synagogues, the Holy Scriptures are read, spiritual guidance and training are given. And there was only one Temple, the Temple of the One God, which was destroyed. Only one wall remained. The Wailing Wall is a sacred place for the Jews. Located in Jerusalem on the Temple Mount. Icon (“image”) - in Christianity, an image of persons or events of sacred or church history. Before the icon of the Virgin “Addition of the Mind”, they pray to the Mother of God for the admonition of children striving in the teachings. various infirmities, with cancer, about help during childbirth and breastfeeding, about children. They pray when they don’t know what to do, what to ask, in confusion and bewilderment. 4. The interior of the mosque is different in that there are no paintings, sculptures, and generally images of living beings. It is decorated with special inscriptions (usually verses from the Quran) and various ornaments. The Quran, according to Islam, is a set of revelations uttered on behalf of God by the prophet Muhammad, a divine guide for mankind, the last Holy Scripture sent down by Allah. The Quran is “The Speech of Allah” ManuscriptQuran VII century Thank you for the lesson!
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LESSON SUMMARY
ON THE THEME "SACRED STRUCTURES OF RELIGIONS OF THE WORLD"
MODULE "FOUNDATIONS OF WORLD RELIGIOUS CULTURES"
COURSE ORKSE
Markova Elena Vladimirovna, primary school teacher
MBOU "Secondary School named after A.M. Gorky, Karachev, Bryansk region
Subject: fundamentals of religious culture and secular ethics
Age of children: 10 years old, 4th grade
Venue: classroom, students sit in groups of 6
The lesson was compiled according to the textbook by A.L. Beglov, E.V. Saplina, E.S. Tokareva, A.A. Yarlykapova “Fundamentals of spiritual and moral culture of the peoples of Russia. Fundamentals of world religious cultures. Grades 4-5”, Moscow, “Enlightenment”, 2012.
The purpose of the lesson: formation of the image of the world as a single and integral with a variety of cultures, nationalities, religions, education of trust and respect for the history and culture of different peoples through familiarization with the places of worship of world religions, the formation of the concept of "sacred building".
Assimilation levels:
1) Presentation: the student has an idea about the main sacred buildings of world religions - a church, a synagogue, a stupa, a pagoda, a mosque;
2) relation: realizes the value of culture and religion, shows a positive attitude towards the sacred buildings of different religious cultures as monuments of world culture;
3) behavior strategy: observes moral norms of behavior, respects the world spiritual heritage.
Planned results:
1. Personal results:
formation of the image of the world as a single and integral with a variety of cultures, nationalities, religions;
fostering respect for the history and culture of all peoples;
1) cognitive:
the ability to carry out information search for the performance of educational tasks;
mastering the logical actions of analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, classification, establishing analogies and cause-and-effect relationships, constructing reasoning, referring to known concepts;
2) regulatory:
take into account the guidelines for action identified by the teacher in the new educational material;
determine the degree of novelty and importance of educational material.
3) communicative
willingness to listen to the interlocutor, to conduct a dialogue;
recognize the possibility of the existence of different points of view and the right of everyone to have their own opinion.
3. Subject results:
the formation of the concept of "sacred building" through familiarization with the places of worship of world religions;
formation of ideas about the main sacred buildings of world religions - a church, a synagogue, a stupa, a pagoda, a mosque;
development of the ability to distinguish between sacred buildings of different religions according to their characteristic architectural features;
the formation of ideas about the need to observe the rules of conduct when visiting sacred structures.
Equipment:
multimedia complex;
Power Point presentation "The Sacred Buildings of the Religions of the World";
Power Point presentation "Orthodox Karachev";
video "Temple and its device";
textbook by A.L. Beglova, E.V. Saplina, E.S. Tokareva, A.A. Yarlykapov "Fundamentals of World Religious Cultures";
Base map of the lesson.
Vocabulary for the lesson:
Church- an architectural structure intended for worship and religious rites (temple) in Orthodoxy, Catholicism. In most Protestant and Evangelical churches, such a structure is called a house of prayer.
Altar the spiritual center of the temple Orthodox Church arranged in the eastern part of the church building (apse). In the center of the altar is a throne. To the left, in the depths of the apse, is an altar. Behind the throne is a seven-candlestick, altarpiece (remote) icons, a cross. In the center of the apse, below, in a wall niche, in old churches, "Fatherland" is written on plaster.
Iconostasis- an altar barrier, more or less continuous, from the northern to the southern wall of the temple, consisting of several rows of ordered icons, separating the altar part of the Orthodox church from the rest of the room.
Throne- The most important place in the temple, a four-sided table, standing in the middle of the altar and serving mainly to celebrate the Eucharist.
Icon(from the Wed Greek - “drawing”, “image”, “image”) - in Christianity (mainly in Orthodoxy, Catholicism and ancient Eastern churches) an image of persons or events of sacred or church history, which is the subject of veneration.
Fresco(from Italian - fresh) - painting on wet plaster, one of the wall painting techniques. When dried, the lime contained in the plaster forms a thin transparent calcium film, which makes the fresco durable.
Bell tower- a tower on which one or more bells are mounted, usually part of a church. A square (rarely round) bell tower at the base, standing separately from the main building of the temple, is often called the Italian word "campanile" in Western European architecture.
Tabernacle(ancient Greek - “tent, tent”; Hebrew - “dwelling, residence”, “tent of meeting, meeting”) - mainly used in the meaning of the camp temple of the Jews.
Synagogue(from Greek - "meeting"; Hebrew - "house of assembly"; Yiddish - "school"), after the destruction of the Jerusalem temple - the main institution of the Jewish religion, a building that serves as a place of public worship and the center of the religious life of the community.
Mosque(Arabic - “place of worship”) - a Muslim liturgical architectural structure - is a separate building with a dome-gambiz, sometimes the mosque has a courtyard. Tower-minarets from one to nine are attached to the mosque as an outbuilding (the number of minarets should be less than in the al-Haram mosque). The prayer hall is devoid of images, but lines from the Qur'an in Arabic may be inscribed on the walls. The wall facing Mecca is marked by an empty niche, the mihrab. To the right of the mihrab is a pulpit-minbar, from which the preacher imam reads his sermons to believers during Friday prayers.
Minaret(Arabic - “lighthouse”) - in the architecture of Islam, a tower (round, square or multifaceted in section), from which the muezzin calls the faithful to prayer. The minaret is placed next to the mosque or included in its composition. Early minarets often had a spiral staircase or ramp outside (spiral minarets), in later ones - inside the tower.
Mortar(Sanskrit - “crown, heap of earth, stones”) - in Buddhist architecture, a monumental and religious building for storing relics, which has a domed shape and does not have access to the inside. Historically, it goes back to burial mounds built for the burial of kings or leaders.
Pagoda(Sanskrit - “sacred, glorious”; Japanese - “treasure tower”) - a Buddhist or Hindu building of a religious nature.
During the classes:
1. Organization of student activities
- Hello guys. Nan today's lesson is devoted to sacred structures. (Slide 1)
We have a lot to learn and remember. Open the textbook, view the lesson material. How much to remember today? Read what will you learn? (p.30-31). A large amount of information is difficult to remember.
- Now I will show you the trick. See this sheet? Regular sheet. And here is my pocket. You see - the sheet does not fit in the pocket (I make unsuccessful attempts to put a sheet of paper in my pocket). Now close your eyes...
(Children close their eyes, the teacher folds the sheet eight times with a slight movement of the hand and puts it in his pocket.)
- Now open – there is no sheet. See – it fits in your pocket!
(I take out a folded sheet and unfold it. The meaning of this “didactic trick”: the story told by the teacher or read in the book is a sheet of paper. The sheet does not fit in the head ... In order for the story to “fit”, it must be “folded” or “ to wrap up")
- The same goes for information. – it is necessary to “fold”, “pack” it correctly so that the information fits in the head. And today we will learn it.
- Look at my paper! (Slide 2) In the lesson we will:
Find the information you need;
discuss, exchange opinions;
tie "knots for memory";
remember what you have learned and summarize.
2. Updating knowledge
(Slides 3-5)
Performing tests from the base card of the lesson ( group work)
1 . Match the religions of the world with their founders:
jesus christ islam
Muhammad Buddhism
buddha judaism
moses christianity
2. Match the religions of the world and the sacred books:
islam torah
Buddhism Koran
Judaism Bible
christianity tipitaka
3. Correlate the religions of the world and the keepers of tradition
islam rabbis
Buddhism priests
Judaism Imams
christianity lama
3. Preparation for study new material, formulation of the problem
(Slide 6)
In past lessons, we talked about the fact that religion is a connection between man and God. This connection is reflected in the performance of religious rituals. Such rituals are performed by people in special facilities. See how beautiful they are and how different they are. Let's try to guess which of the religious cultures - Islam, Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism - they belong to, and justify our answers. ( answers-assumptions of children, each assumption must be justified).
Difficult task? But we assumed, but we need to know this for sure.
4. Learning new material (slide 7)
1) Looking for information. What are sacred buildings for? (work with the text p. 30, filling in the base maps of the lesson in the section “We will discuss together”).
2) Watching a video about the Jerusalem Temple. (slide 8)
3) Wailing Wall (slide 9)
At the Wailing Wall.
I put my hand on the wall
And I'll beg quietly.
I will ask for all relatives
Health, joy and happiness,
Let the wisdom of their gray hair
Help us in bad weather.
And for the children I will ask
Always a cloudless sky
So that fear does not know and need,
To stay cleaner than snow.
4) Synagogue (slides 10-11)
Believing Jews pray in special structures - synagogues (this is not a temple, but only a room for prayer). In the internal structure of the synagogue there are obligatory elements - aron kodesh (cupboard for storing the Torah), menorah (seven candlesticks), tablets with commandments.
5) Orthodox church (slides 12-14)
Orthodox churches are very beautiful and diverse: sometimes huge and majestic, sometimes small and cozy, sometimes strict, sometimes patterned and joyful,
even funny ones.
There are many snow-white temples in Rus', shining with dazzling whiteness against the sky, but there are also multi-colored ones, like fairy-tale towers, lovingly painted with different colors.
But no matter how diverse Orthodox churches may seem at first glance, they all have a similar dispensation that developed in ancient times.
How is an Orthodox church organized? What ideas are in it?
First of all, you need to know that the temple is not only a wonderful common house where people gather for prayer. The temple symbolizes the Kingdom of God and the Universe headed by God.
The Kingdom of God includes three areas: the existence of God Himself (it is represented by the altar). The word "altar" in Latin means "exalted place, elevation."
Spiritual heaven, the region of the heavenly angelic world (this is the middle part, where the Orthodox people participate in the general worship); and the area of earthly existence (porch).
Crowned with a cross, decorated with icons and frescoes and consecrated by a special order, the temple represents the Universe, the universe (the structure of the world) headed by God - its Creator, Creator.
The world for Orthodox believers is the creation of God and is governed by His Sacrificial Love, therefore each temple has a cupola ending with a cross - a symbol of the Divine Redemption of the world and the Resurrection.
The cupolas of the temples are shaped like a candle or a helmet. This is also not accidental, such a form, as it were, combines the meanings: the burning of Orthodox hearts and military protection. For the Orthodox, this is always a reminder that the Lord governs the world and protects His creation with fiery Sacrificial Love.
At the same time, for people, the construction of temples is also burning, service to the glory of God. So the temples stand like burning huge common candles and soldiers of Christ.
6) Presentation "Orthodox Karachev" accompanied by a group of local history students.
Performance of students-local historians
You come, you feel - the soul
Rising above the world.
There is a hill, below it is a river.
And life goes by slowly...
In fierce battles many times
Destroyed, burned
Karachev-grad was founded here,
Reborn from the ashes.
The city of Karachev is famous for its history, its antiquity and its temples. The entire centuries-old history of our city is connected with Orthodoxy. No wonder in the old days Karachev was called the spring or the cradle of the Orthodox. In 1764 there were 12 churches in Karachev.
A foot steps on the path of my ancestors,
And the wisdom of the ages flows over me,
And thoughts are white and pure as snow,
And the bell calls the soul to pray...
Karachevsky Odrinsky monastery in the name of St. Nicholas was founded at the beginning of the 15th century. In 1924 the monastery was officially closed. On July 22, 1995, Odrin was opened on the site of the destroyed monastery. convent in the name of Saint Nicholas. At present, Odrin Monastery houses miraculous icon Mother of God "Guarantee of sinners".
The Resurrection Monastery is located in the village of Berezhok. The architecture of the temple, made in the style of the Naryshkin baroque, makes an indelible impression with its large size, original three-dimensional composition and elegant facade decor. The design of the domes and window openings, the contrasting combination of red walls and white carved details is reminiscent of the architecture of the over-gate Sretensky Church of the Holy Dormition Svensky Monastery.
The second name of the Resurrection Monastery is Tikhonov's monastery. According to legend, the monk Tikhon stood on a pillar above the second floor of the monastery church, where the message bell hung. The ringing of the bell warned the monks about the approach of the Tatars, who made frequent raids on Karachev. In memory of this, in the new stone church (the turn of the XVII-XVIII centuries) was built unusual look the pillar tower is the only example in the history of Russian temple architecture.
The temple in the name of All Saints is located on the southeastern outskirts of the city of Karachev in the former village of Novaya Sloboda. stone temple built at the expense of residents of Karachev and its environs in 1865. The temple, standing over the Snezhet River, on its steep bank, seems to meet people approaching our city from the south.
Cathedral Church of the Archangel is located in the southern part of the city of Karachev within the boundaries of the ancient city scree. The temple building was erected in the first third of the 18th century. This is one of the most interesting temples of the Petrine era in the Bryansk region, made in the Baroque style. Last year, during the restoration of the foundation of the temple, stonework was discovered. Archaeologists have determined that this is the wall of the temple of the XII century. This is the third temple of the pre-Mongolian period on the territory of the Bryansk region.
In 1855, in the eastern part of the city, the construction of the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker began. At that time culture Ancient Rus' was declared the true successor of Orthodox Byzantium and Russian architects turned to the origins of stone architecture in Rus', to Byzantine traditions. The temple was built in the Russian-Byzantine style, like the Cathedral Church of Christ the Savior in Moscow. Unfortunately, this temple was also destroyed during the years of Soviet power. In May 1994, a divine service was held here for the first time after a long desolation. Now the temple is being restored.
In 1773, in the village of Yurasovo, they began to build a temple of the Kazan icon. Mother of God. In the early 1930s, the temple was closed. It was only during the Great Patriotic War that divine services resumed in it for a short time. The restoration of the temple began in 1999 and continues to this day. The architecture of the temple is an example of a small rural temple, made in the Baroque style.
There are sacred buildings in Karachev built in our time. In the western part of our city in 2001 the chapel of the New Martyrs and Confessors of Russia was built.
Unfortunately, not all churches in our city are being restored. In the center of Karachev you can see the walls of the Church of the Holy Trinity Life-Giving, built in 1808.
Near our school is the Church of the Assumption Holy Mother of God It was built at the expense of the Karachevites in 1818, survived the fascist bombing during the war years, but was almost destroyed in the 60s of the last century.
Now the temple is being actively restored, including by high school students and graduates of our school. After all, our school was founded more than a hundred years ago as a parish school at this church.
Miraculous, wonderful miracle!
Let the time be difficult for the Motherland,
But not fairy tales, not epics
God's temple rises above the ruins.
God's temple rises to the will of the free,
He sings a song - a bell!
A smooth song floats up to heaven,
Orthodox Rus' comes to life!
Chill outside - trembling inside.
This is where feelings come in.
And you don't tell me
But temples are not built in vain.
7) Mosque (slides 15-16)
The sacred buildings of Muslims are called mosques. The dome of the mosque has a semicircular shape and is crowned with a crescent. Near the mosque is a minaret (lighthouse). Inside the mosque there are no images of living beings, they are decorated only with special inscriptions and ornaments. They enter the mosque without shoes, the floor is covered with carpets. Women don't pray next to men.
Mosque
There is a divinely holy mosque,
The minaret shot up like an arrow,
A simple truth descends from him -
That in this world there is no higher God!
Who has lost faith - you will find it:
Pray only diligently and with soul,
You will find peace and happiness in life,
And the Lord will open a great path for you.
8) Sacred buildings of Buddhism (slides 17-18)
As you already know, the body of the Buddha was burned on a funeral pyre, and his ashes were placed in stupas by his disciples (there were originally 8 of them). The stupa looks like half a ball, a dome, a hemisphere. So, it was this form that the funeral structure of the Buddha should have had. According to legend, he himself explained to his students what his burial structure should look like. He spread the cloak on the ground and turned the round bowl over it. Such a structure is called a "stupa" - which means "funeral hill". There is no space inside the stupa, it cannot be entered. At the top of the dome of the stupa there is a small superstructure - the "palace of the gods" - for storing relics of the Buddhist religion. And another distinctive feature of the stupa is the spire, directed to the sky. But later they began to build other structures - pagodas.
A Buddhist temple inside is usually a rectangular temple. The central place of the temple is the altar, where ritual objects are located. Behind the altar is a statue of Buda and bodhisattvas.
5. Consolidation of the studied material(working with the text of the textbook and solving the crossword puzzle) (slide 19)
6. Primary generalization of the studied material. (slide 20)
(work with the reference map of the lesson)
In the lesson, we learned the names of sacred structures: _________________________________________________________.
We realized that all sacred structures have common features:
These are holy places;
Symbol of light;
Words of appeal to God sound;
Relics are kept;
Strict rules of conduct.
7. Homework (slide 21)
Prepare reports on the sacred buildings of our city.
Make a memo about the rules of conduct in the sacred buildings of the religions of the world.
8. Reflection
- Guys, today we not only learned new things, learned to work with information, but also worked in groups. If your group worked smoothly, coped with all the tasks, managed to overcome joint difficulties, then join hands and light "light of friendship" .
Thank you for your cooperation in the lesson!
Sacred buildings of Islam. The three largest mosques in the world.
1. She is also known as Haram Beit Ullah. (translated as “Sacred House of Allah” or “Forbidden House of Allah”). It is located in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. This mosque is not only the largest both in size and capacity, but also the most significant in the life of the followers of Islam.
2. Mosque of the Prophet - the second largest in the world and is located in Saudi Arabia, in Medina, the second shrine of Islam.
3. Shah Faisal Mosque in Islamabad, Pakistan. Since its construction was financed by Saudi Arabia, the mosque was named after the then King of Saudi Faisal., They expressed a wish to build a large mosque in Islamabad.
Sacred buildings of Buddhism.Buddhist temple .There are two main types of Buddhist structures: The first type is designed to support the life of the monastery: temples, sometimes reaching enormous sizes, rooms for monks, a hall for believers, libraries. The second type is structures that are themselves an object of worship: a stupa, an altar . They are the center of the monastery and serve as the guardian of sacred relics.
Holy buildings of Judaism.Synagogue - this is any room intended for the public prayer of the Jews, which has always been and remains its main purpose and main difference. Outwardly, it can look very different. A synagogue is not a temple, and a Jewish Temple can only be built in one place - on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem. In the middle of the 10th century BC. The Temple in Jerusalem was built. Synagogues are completely independent. Any group of believers can organize a synagogue. To manage the synagogue, believers themselves choose leaders.
Sacred buildings of Orthodoxy.Christian temple
Traditionally, Christian churches have a cross in plan - a symbol of the cross of Christ as the basis of eternal salvation, a circle (a type of rotunda temple) - a symbol of eternity, a square (chetverik) - a symbol of the earth, where peoples converge in the temple from the four cardinal points, or an octagon (an octagon on a quadrangle ) is a symbol of the guiding star of Bethlehem. Each temple is dedicated to some Christian holiday or to a saint whose day of remembrance is called a temple (patronal) feast. Sometimes several altars (chapels) are arranged in the temple. Then each of them is dedicated to its saint or event. According to tradition, the temple is usually built with the altar facing east.
Temple - borrowed from the Old Slavonic language "khorom" which meant "roof" or "canopy" and later "house".
45. Introduction to Kievan Rus in 988 by Prince Vladimir the Great of Christianity, was a major historical event. It meant the victory of the feudal relations of Kievan Rus over the moribund tribal system and played a positive role in the development of ancient Russian culture and increased authority among most countries where Christianity existed and was adopted earlier. began to carry out the first religious reform, the purpose of which was to turn Kiev into the religious center of all Eastern Slavs. In 986, Vladimir's residence in Kyiv began to be visited by representatives different religions and beliefs, persuading him to accept this or that religion. And Prince Vladimir listened to his wise boyars and elders, who had previously visited other countries, and decided to opt for the Greek religion, i.e. Byzantine Christianity. The political situation of that time also contributed to this choice. First of all, in this situation, the main role was played by the long-standing and strong ties of Kievan Rus with Byzantium and certain positions occupied by its church in Russia, starting from the 9th century. He went to Greek land with a large army and in 988 besieged the Greek city of Korsun (Chersonesos) and told the townspeople that if they did not surrender, then he was ready to stand for at least three years. The inhabitants of Korsun, exhausted from thirst, surrendered, and Vladimir and his retinue entered the city of Korsun. And he sent to tell the kings of Greece, the brothers Vasily and Konstantin, that he wants to marry their sister, the girl Anna, and if she is not given in marriage to him, then he will do the same to the capital of Byzantium, Tsargrad (Constantinople), as he did in Korsun. Anna did not agree for a long time, this marriage seemed to her a captivity and was more hateful than death. But after the persuasion of the brothers, she said goodbye to her relatives in great sadness and set off. Before her departure, the Greek kings set a condition for Vladimir to accept the Christian faith before marriage, since it was not customary for Christians to pass off their women as pagans. And Vladimir was forced to agree. And Anna sailed on a ship across the Black Sea - from Constantinople to Korsun, to Vladimir Svyatoslavich. According to the chronicler, at that time the prince's eyes ached, and he began to see poorly. When Anna found out about this, she advised Vladimir to be baptized as soon as possible in order to receive healing. And the Bishop of Korsun Orthodox priests Vladimir was baptized (in baptism he received the name Vasily), and he received his sight at the very moment when the priest laid his hand on him. Many warriors, seeing this, were also baptized. In 989, in Kyiv, by order of Vladimir, the construction of the Cathedral of the Virgin by Byzantine masters began. In conclusion, it should be noted that after the official adoption of Christianity in Rus', not only wooden churches began to appear everywhere, but also entire stone monasteries and temples. Kievan Rus became the metropolis of the Patriarchate of Constantinople.
