Presentation for the lesson "Preaching Christ" presentation for the lesson on orxe (grade 3) on the topic. Christian teaching about salvation who never became happy

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"The Birth of Jesus"

According to Christian doctrine, the appearance of Jesus is the fulfillment of a long-standing prophecy about the Messiah - the Son of God; Jesus was born immaculately from the Holy Spirit by the Virgin Mary in the city of Bethlehem, where three wise men came to worship him as the future king of the Jews. The date of birth of Jesus Christ is determined very approximately. The earliest is usually said to be 12 BC. e. (the year of the passage of Halley's Comet, which, according to some assumptions, could be the Star of Bethlehem), and the latest - 4 BC. e. (year of death of Herod the Great). Almost immediately after his birth, Jesus was taken by Mary and Joseph to Egypt. They spent very little time there (the Gospels tell us that Jesus returned to his homeland as an infant.)

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"Baptism"

According to the Gospel account, at about the age of 30, Jesus entered public ministry, which he began by receiving baptism from John the Baptist on the Jordan River. When Jesus came to John, who preached a lot about the imminent coming of the Messiah, the surprised John said: “I need to be baptized by You, and are You coming to me?” To this Jesus replied that “it is fitting for us to fulfill all righteousness” and received baptism from John. During baptism, “the heavens were opened, and the Holy Spirit descended on Him in bodily form like a dove, and there was a voice from heaven, saying: You are My Beloved Son; I am well pleased with You!”

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"Sermon"

Jesus preached a sermon about repentance in the face of the coming of the Kingdom of God. Jesus began to teach that the Son of God would suffer cruelly and die on the cross, and that His sacrifice was the food that everyone needed for eternal life. In addition, Christ confirmed and expanded the law of Moses: he demanded that everyone, first of all, love God with their whole being (in constant repentance), then love their neighbors (all people) as themselves (in works of mercy) and, finally, love themselves as God's creation and His image (through communion). At the same time, do not love the world and everything in the world (that is, do not become overly attached to the values ​​of the material world) and “do not be afraid of those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul.” Despite the fact that the center of Christ’s preaching was the holy city of Jerusalem, He lived longer In total, with his preaching, he traveled throughout Galilee, where He was received more joyfully. Jesus also passed through Samaria, the Decapolis, and was within the boundaries of Tire and Sidon. The Gospel of John indicates that Jesus was in Jerusalem 4 times for the annual celebration of Passover, from which it is concluded that Christ's public ministry lasted approximately three and a half years.

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Passion of Christ

The events of the last days of the earthly life of Jesus Christ, which brought him physical and spiritual suffering, are referred to as the Passion (suffering) of Christ. The Church remembers them in the last days before Easter, in Holy Week. A special place among the Passion of Christ is occupied by the events that occurred after the Last Supper: Arrest, Trial, Flagellation and Execution. The Crucifixion is the culminating moment of the Passion of Christ. Christians believe that many of the Passion were predicted by the prophets of the Old Testament and by Jesus Christ himself.

Slide 6

"The Trial of Jesus"

The Jewish high priests, having condemned Jesus Christ to death at the Sanhedrin, could not themselves carry out the sentence without the approval of the Roman governor. According to some researchers, the Sanhedrin recognized Jesus as a false prophet based on the words of Deuteronomy: “but the prophet who dares to speak in My name what I have not commanded him to say, and who speaks in the name of other gods, such a prophet must be put to death.” After unsuccessful attempts by the high priests to accuse Jesus in a formal violation of Jewish law (see Old Testament), Jesus was handed over to the Roman procurator of Judea, Pontius Pilate. At the trial, the procurator asked: “Are you the King of the Jews?” This question was due to the fact that the claim to power as King of the Jews, according to Roman law, was qualified as a dangerous crime against the Roman Empire. The answer to this question was the words of Christ: “You say that I am a King. For this purpose I was born and for this purpose I came into the world, to testify to the truth.” Pilate pronounced the death sentence - he sentenced Jesus to crucifixion, and he himself “washed his hands before the people and said: I am innocent of the blood of this Righteous One.” To which the people exclaimed: “His blood be on us and on our children.”

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"Crucifixion"

According to the verdict of Pontius Pilate, Jesus was crucified on Golgotha, where, according to the Gospel story, he himself carried his cross. Two robbers were crucified with him. “It was the third hour, and they crucified Him. And the inscription of His guilt was: King of the Jews. They crucified two thieves with Him, one on His right and the other on His left. And the word of Scripture came true: he was numbered among the evildoers.” At the moment of Jesus' death in the Jerusalem Temple, the veil that separated the Holy of Holies from the rest of the temple was torn. “And the sun was darkened, and the veil of the temple was torn in the middle.” After Jesus' death on the cross, his body was taken, with Pilate's permission, by Joseph of Arimathea for burial, which he performed together with several of Jesus' disciples in a previously unused tomb, which was hewn out of a rock that was on land owned by Joseph, near a garden close to Golgotha. . According to Christian tradition, after burial, Jesus descended into hell and, having crushed its gates, brought his gospel sermon to the underworld, freed the souls imprisoned there and brought all the Old Testament righteous people, including Adam and Eve, out of hell.

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Resurrection of Jesus

The moment of discovery of the empty tomb of Christ is described with differences in different Gospels. According to John: Mary Magdalene came alone after the Sabbath to the tomb of Christ and saw that it was empty. She had visions of two angels and Jesus, whom she did not immediately recognize. In the evening, Christ appeared to his disciples (among whom Thomas the Twin was not). Thomas, having arrived, did not believe in the stories about his resurrection until he saw with his own eyes the wounds from the nails and the ribs of Christ pierced by a spear. The Sunday stichera of the Octoechos indicates that the moment of Jesus’ resurrection (as well as the moment of his birth) was not seen not only by people, but even by angels. This emphasizes the incomprehensibility of the mystery of Christ. After his resurrection, Christ gave the apostles the Great Commission to preach his teaching about salvation to all countries and peoples.

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"Ascension and Second Coming"

Jesus gathered the apostles in Jerusalem and told them not to disperse, but to wait for the baptism of the Holy Spirit. “Having said this, He rose up before their eyes, and a cloud took Him out of their sight.” The Ascension, which took place on the Mount of Olives, was accompanied by “two men dressed in white,” who announced the second coming “in the same way.” Jesus repeatedly spoke about His imminent second coming to earth, the apostles clearly teach about it, and therefore it was the general conviction of the Church at all times. The dogma of the second coming of Jesus Christ is recorded in the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed, in its 7th member: “And in one Lord Jesus Christ will come again with glory to judge the living and the dead, of whose kingdom there will be no end.”

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The Teachings of "Jesus Christ"

The teachings of Jesus in the New Testament are presented in the form of separate sayings, sermons and parables. His deeds (miracles, healings, resurrections) and lifestyle are also seen as expressing teaching through deeds rather than words.

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"Prayers"

According to the books of the New Testament, Jesus Christ taught his disciples the Lord's Prayer, which to this day remains probably the main prayer of Christianity. The text of the prayer is given in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke. Variant of the prayer in the Synodal translation: “Our Father who art in heaven! Hallowed be Thy name; Thy kingdom come; Thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven; Give us this day our daily bread; and forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors; and lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil. For Yours is the kingdom and the power and the glory forever.” Amen. One of the most common prayers in Orthodox Christianity is the Jesus Prayer, which contains an appeal to Jesus Christ, as the Son of God and true God, asking for mercy. “Lord Jesus Christ, Son of God, have mercy on the sinner.” A more modern version of the prayer: “Lord Jesus Christ, Son of God, have mercy on me, a sinner.”

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"The Appearance of Jesus"

The earliest Christian writers did not describe the appearance of Jesus Christ. The leading theologian of the 2nd century, Irenaeus of Lyon, quoting the Apostle John, expressed the idea of ​​the Church Fathers about the role of the incarnation of Christ: “The Word of God became flesh ... to destroy death and give life to man.” The father of church history, Eusebius Pamphilus, at the turn of the 3rd-4th centuries, talking about the bronze statue of Christ he had seen, spoke disapprovingly of the images of Christ and the Apostles: “I told you that images of Paul, Peter and Christ Himself, painted on boards, have been preserved. Naturally, the ancients were accustomed, without much thought, according to pagan custom, to honor their saviors in this way.” In the 4th century, Christianity became the state religion of the Roman Empire, its ideology shifted away from the Old Testament canon, which describes the Messiah Christ as taking upon himself, including externally, all the ulcers of humanity, towards the glorification of the spiritualized, beautiful image of the Savior. Writings appeared with a detailed description of the appearance of Christ, including those dating back to the time of his life (letter of Publius Lentulus), which followed the tradition already established in iconography.

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"Modern Research"

There is a version that has not received an unambiguous assessment in scientific circles, according to which the face of Jesus Christ was somehow miraculously imprinted on the Shroud of Turin during his resurrection from the dead. The Shroud of Turin is a part of an ancient canvas a little more than four meters long and a meter wide with the imprint of a human body. According to the Gospel story, Joseph of Arimathea asked Pilate for the body of the deceased Christ, “wrapped him in a shroud, and laid Him in a tomb, which was hewn out of the rock, and rolled the stone to the door of the tomb.” Independent studies conducted by radiocarbon dating dated the age of the Shroud of Turin in the range of the 12th-14th centuries; the conclusions of the examinations are disputed by some Orthodox researchers.

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"Buddhism"

In Central and Southeast Asia, it is widely believed that Jesus traveled to these lands. There are several views of Jesus in Buddhism. Some Buddhists, including the 14th Dalai Lama, believe that Jesus is a bodhisattva who dedicated his life to the welfare of people. The 14th century Zen teacher Gesan, having heard several sayings of Jesus from the Gospel, noted that he was an enlightened person and very close to Buddhism.

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"Islam"

In Islam, Jesus (Arabic: عيسى‎‎ Isa) is revered as a close associate and messenger of Allah, and as one of the five main prophets (along with Adam and Moses). Isa is spoken of as al-Masih, that is, the Messiah. A revelation was sent down to him - the Injil (“Gospel of Jesus Christ”). According to the Koran, Isa was neither killed nor crucified, but was taken alive to heaven by Allah. In Damascus, one of the three minarets of the Umayyad Mosque (the one located on the southeast side) bears the name Isa ibn Maryam. According to the prophecy, it is according to it that on the eve of the Last Judgment Jesus Christ will descend from heaven to earth. The hands of the Savior, dressed in white robes, will lie on the wings of two angels, and his hair will appear wet, even if it has not been touched by water. That is why the imam of the mosque lays a new carpet every day on the ground under the minaret, where the Redeemer’s foot should step.

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Jesus Christ in Mormonism

On January 1, 2000, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints issued a statement, "The Living Christ," detailing Mormon beliefs about Jesus Christ. Mormons identify him with Jehovah of the Old Testament and believe that it was he, acting under the direction of God the Father, who created the Earth according to the words of the New Testament “All things were made through Him, and without Him nothing was made that was made.” Jesus Christ, being God, the firstborn of God the Father, his only begotten son according to the flesh, was also born of an earthly woman, taught the truths of eternal life, miraculously healed the sick, established the true church, was crucified and resurrected. He gave his life to atone for the sins of the human race. After his resurrection, he appeared to the descendants of Jewish settlers in America, as recorded in the Book of Mormon. In addition, in the early 19th century, he visited Joseph Smith, the founder of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and commanded him to return the church to the doctrine that Jesus Christ preached about two thousand years ago and which, soon after the death of the twelve apostles, was distorted due to the people's refusal to observe commandments of Jesus Christ. One day, in the minds of Mormons, he will return to Earth as “king of kings and lord of lords” and rule the entire world.

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"The rescue"

1) The necessity of being born again by the power of the Holy Spirit 2) The necessity of baptism (birth of water and the Spirit): “Unless one is born of water and the Spirit, he cannot enter the kingdom of God” 3) The necessity of faith: “thy faith has saved you, go with peace." 4) The need to partake of the body and blood of Christ in the sacrament of communion 5) To accept the gift of salvation from a person, personal will is also required, which is manifested in the application of one’s own efforts in following God 6) The need for patience: “with your patience save your souls” The need to show mercy to your neighbors : “As you did it to one of the least of these my brothers, you did it to me.”

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Slide captions:

SERMON OF CHRIST Svechkareva L.V. primary school teacher and ORKSE MAOU secondary school No. 6

places b - places and - places o

You were offended, hit, called names - this happens often. How to proceed? Give back, take revenge? Should you always fight back? Should you always use force when defending yourself?

Let's think: what fills our world if we do not forgive the offender? wars anger friendship joy of life murders help in difficult times peace love hate calm

Select the statements with which you agree. A bad peace is better than a good quarrel. If you feel sorry for everyone, no health will be enough. Only weak people take revenge, strong people know how to forgive.

ABOUT WEALTH “Do not lay up for yourselves treasures on earth, but lay up for yourselves treasures in Heaven, where no moth destroys and where thieves do not steal, for where your treasure is, there will your heart be also.” “Treasures in Heaven” are the good that man has done. Such a treasure cannot be stolen. Your money or phone may be stolen. But the good deed you have done will remain yours forever.

SERMON ON THE MOUNT These words were spoken by Christ in the Sermon on the Mount. One day Christ ascended a small mountain so that the people who came to Him could better hear His voice. Many were surprised by the deep meaning and beauty of the words spoken and became disciples of Christ. It was they who later recorded this sermon in the Gospel.

Slide 1

THE TRIAL AND CRUCIFIXION OF CHRIST
Lesson OPK “29 2nd grade Zakutskaya N.D.

Slide 2

The Savior was taken into custody and first of all taken to the house of the high priest, and then He was presented before the Sanhedrin - the highest court of the ancient Jews. The Sanhedrin was convened in the same house.

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It seemed impossible to find the guilt of Jesus Christ. But the high priest accused Him of blaspheming by calling Himself the Son of God.

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Seized with anger and rage, the participants in the trial began to spit in the face of Christ and beat Him. The Sanhedrin condemned Him to death.

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After this, Christ was brought to trial before the Roman ruler of Judea, Pontius Pilate, so that he would approve the verdict of the Sanhedrin.

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The Savior did not answer anything to the false accusations of the high priests.

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And when Pilate asked Him: “Are you the King of the Jews?” - He answered: “My kingdom is not of this world; if My kingdom were of this world, then My servants would protect Me so that I would not be betrayed to the Jews; but my kingdom is not from here.” And he explained: “This is why I was born and this is why I came into the world, to testify to the truth; everyone who is of the truth listens to My voice.”

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Pontius Pilate did not find Christ guilty and understood that they betrayed Him out of envy. Therefore, he tried to take advantage of the custom of releasing one of the prisoners on Easter.

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He invited the people to choose who to pardon: Jesus Christ or Barabbas, a rebel convicted of indignation of the people and murder.

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But the people, taught by the high priests, demanded the release of Barabbas and the execution of Christ.

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“Crucify! Crucify Him!” - the people shouted, pointing to the One Whom they had just recently welcomed and glorified.

Slide 12

Why did the mood of the people change so dramatically? Of course, the words of the elders and high priests meant a lot to ordinary people. But this is not the only reason for the change in their attitude towards Christ. The main thing was different. Meeting Christ with palm branches in his hands as their Messiah, people thought that He would become their earthly king, deliver them from the power of the Romans and create a strong, prosperous kingdom in which they would live in contentment. They sought earthly well-being, and not God’s eternal Kingdom.

Slide 13

Pilate could, if he wanted, insist on his own and release Christ, but the high priests began to threaten that they would complain about him to Caesar - the Roman Emperor Tiberius.

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Then Pilate, thinking about himself, and not about the fair trial that he had to carry out, gave in to them. But as a sign that he was not responsible for the lawless sentence, he washed his hands before the people and said: “I am innocent of shedding the blood of this Righteous One; you watch (that is, you yourself will be responsible for the consequences).” But all the people shouted: “His blood be on us and on our children!”

Slide 15

After this, Jesus was handed over to the Roman soldiers. They wove a crown of thorns (from thorns - a bush with sharp thorns) and put it on the Savior’s head, then they dressed Him in royal scarlet (red clothes) and mocked Him: “Hail, King of the Jews!”

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So they mocked Him who had recently healed the sick and raised the dead, and then they cruelly beat Him with whips.

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After the torment he endured, Christ himself had to carry the instrument of His execution - a heavy wooden Cross - to Mount Golgotha.

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Exhausted, the Savior fell, and the soldiers forced Simon of Cyrene, passing along the road, to carry the Cross of Jesus Christ.

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On Mount Calvary the Savior was nailed to the Cross. Crucifixion was at that time a shameful execution, which was carried out on low-ranking criminals and slaves.

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Crucified on the Cross, the Lord prayed for His tormentors: “Father! Forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing.”

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Standing nearby were the Mother of the Savior and his beloved disciple John, who would later write one of the four Gospels and be called the Theologian. Therefore, the grieving Mother of God and John the Evangelist are often depicted at the Crucifixion.

Slide 22

The Cross of the Savior on Golgotha ​​was located between the crosses of two thieves. One of them, on the left, mocked Christ, saying: “If you are the Christ, then save yourself and us.” And the other, on the right, calmed the first: “Or are you not afraid of God, when you yourself are condemned to the same thing? And we are condemned justly, for we accepted what was worthy of our deeds, but He did nothing bad.”

Slide 23

Dying on the cross, the thief believed in the Crucified Christ as the Savior, the Son of God, and asked Him: “Remember me, Lord, when you come into Your Kingdom.” The Savior answered: “Truly I tell you, today you will be with Me in Paradise.”

Slide 24

This robber is called prudent in church hymns. The faith in Christ that he showed on the cross speaks of his deep, sincere repentance. What is surprising is that the prudent thief believed in the Savior, seeing Him suffering, and not performing miracles or being transfigured on Tabor. The repentant thief was the first of people to enter heaven.

Bible

• Holy Bible

Christian

• Gospel (Mark I, 1, etc.) is a Greek word meaning: gospel, i.e. good, joyful news. The Gospels consist of 4 books of the evangelists: Matthew, Mark, Luke and John. They preach about the Divinity of our Lord Jesus Christ, about His coming to earth, about His life on earth, about His wonderful deeds and saving teachings, and finally, about His death on the cross, glorious resurrection and ascension into heaven. These books are called the Gospel because for a person there cannot be better and more joyful news than the news of the Divine Savior and eternal salvation. That is why the reading of the Gospel in church is each time accompanied by a joyful exclamation: Glory to Thee, Lord, glory to Thee!

When Mary was already pregnant, she and Joseph had to go on a long journey, because the Roman Caesar Augustus ordered a census of the population throughout his land. Everyone had to go to the city of their ancestors. Joseph and Mary were from the house and lineage of King David. David's hometown was Bethlehem. King David ruled Israel a thousand years before Jesus was born. Joseph and Mary arrived in Bethlehem; there were no rooms in the hotel. Many came to Bethlehem for the census. The time has come for Mary to give birth. “... and she gave birth to her firstborn Son, and wrapped Him in swaddling clothes, and laid Him in a manger,” we read in the Gospel. This means that they were housed in a cattle pen. According to ancient legend, this stable was located in a cave. In those parts, even today, shepherds use such caves for their sheep.

• In the surrounding area, several shepherds did not sleep that night, sitting by the fires, guarding their flocks. And a shining angel descended to them from heaven: “Do not be afraid, I proclaim to you great joy that will be to all people, for today a Savior has been born in the city of David, who is Christ the Lord, and this is a sign for you: you will find a baby lying in swaddling clothes in manger." When the angel disappeared, the shepherds decided to go into the cave and see for themselves what was said - and they actually saw a baby sleeping in a cattle feeder.

• As soon as he was born, the future Savior was exposed to terrible danger. King Herod, who had been predicted the birth of the true King, ordered the killing of all male babies born on the same night as Jesus. As a result, 14 thousand children aged two years and younger were exterminated in Bethlehem and its environs. The murdered children are still considered the first martyrs who died for Christ, and in memory of them the second week after Christmas is called the Terrible Evenings. Saving their son, Mary and Joseph left for Egypt, and after the death of King Herod they returned to Nazareth.

Baptism of Jesus Christ

John was named.

• When Jesus Christ was 30 years old, He was baptized in the Jordan River by the holy prophet John, who also had a special mission - to prepare the people to accept the Savior and His teachings. Therefore, the great righteous man and prophet John was named Forerunner and Baptist of the Lord Jesus Christ .
• When Jesus Christ was 30 years old, He was baptized in the Jordan River by the holy prophet John, who also had a special mission - to prepare the people to accept the Savior and His teachings. Therefore, the great righteous man and prophet John was named Forerunner and Baptist of the Lord Jesus Christ .
• When Jesus Christ was 30 years old, He was baptized in the Jordan River by the holy prophet John, who also had a special mission - to prepare the people to accept the Savior and His teachings. Therefore, the great righteous man and prophet John was named Forerunner and Baptist of the Lord Jesus Christ .
• When Jesus Christ was 30 years old, He was baptized in the Jordan River by the holy prophet John, who also had a special mission - to prepare the people to accept the Savior and His teachings. Therefore, the great righteous man and prophet John was named Forerunner and Baptist of the Lord Jesus Christ .

After baptism, Christ began to heal all kinds of human illnesses and infirmities, raise the dead and preach the Kingdom of God. Kingdom of God (Kingdom of Heaven)- this is the eternal spiritual world of communication with God.

• People, having heard about the incredible miracles of Jesus Christ, followed Him in crowds. Jesus Christ chose twelve disciples and sent them out to proclaim the Gospel. From the Greek word meaning "messenger", these disciples of Christ received the name apostles. The names of the twelve first disciples: Andrew the First-Called and his brother Simon (Peter), James and John Zebedees , Philip, Bartholomew, Thomas, Matthew Publican , Jacob Alfeev , Judas Yakovlev , nicknamed Thaddeus, Simon (Zealot) And Judas Iscariot .

• Judas led an angry crowd of Jewish soldiers into the garden, where he showed them Christ with a kiss. After the kiss, Jesus looked into the eyes of Judas and said: “Judas! Do you betray the Son of Man with a kiss? (Luke 22:48). He said with this: “This is how you betray Me, Judas, with a kiss, a sign of love?”

• After Saturday, at night, on the third day after His suffering and death, the Lord Jesus Christ, by the power of His Divinity, came to life, that is, He rose from the dead. His human body was transformed.

• Suddenly there was a great earthquake; an angel of the Lord descended from heaven. He approached, rolled away the stone from the door of the Holy Sepulcher and sat down on it. His appearance was like lightning, and his clothes were white as snow. The soldiers standing guard at the coffin were in awe and became as if they were dead, and then, waking up from fear, they fled

• in the 16th century, when Palestine was conquered by the Turks, the entrance to the arch was specially walled up so that enemies could not desecrate the shrine by riding into it on horseback. As a result, a very narrow and low passage remained - to enter it, you had to bend down very much, so since then it has been called the door of submission.

“Fundamentals of Orthodox culture in school” - Let’s not be afraid of these words - sacred and unshakable. “Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture” (OPK). Teaching the basics of Orthodox culture at school. Orthodox faith. Different ideas about God. Education. Saint Sergius of Radonezh. Contents of the subject. Studying the foundations of Orthodox culture. Letters about the good and the beautiful.

“OPK” - Working with questions and tasks from the textbook. At the end of the fairy tale, Gerda is on the threshold of the ice palace. Understanding additional material. Continued discussion. Do you remember what word was finally made up of ice floes. Can alms be verbal? Comprehension of what you read. Do you know what Gerda and Kai's grandmother did when the children returned home?

“Fundamentals of Orthodox culture” - Why a person’s soul can become “dead.” Can mercy and love for one's neighbor change a person? Clarification of the meaning of the word “tradition”. Icons of Saints. Finding the commandments. Lesson objectives. Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev "Beggar". Mercy and compassion. The purpose of the lesson. Love the Lord your God with all your heart.

“Program “Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture”” - Holy and unshakable. Paragraph. Historical foundations of Orthodox culture in Russia. High school. Letters about the good and the beautiful. How they understand the traditions of their people. Fundamentals of Orthodox culture. Mother. Spiritual and moral education. Secular character. Why do we call Russia a sacred power? Relevant religious organizations.

“Fundamentals of Orthodox culture, topics” - The Beatitudes. Preaching of Christ. Feat. Christian at work. How Christianity came to Rus'. Fundamentals of Orthodox culture. Orthodox teaching about man. Russia is our Motherland. Easter. Love and respect for the Fatherland. Orthodoxy about God's Judgment. A miracle in the life of a Christian. Man and God in Orthodoxy.

“Module “Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture”” - The best achievements of classical culture. Content lines (in accordance with the developed program). Careful attitude towards the inner world of the student. Basic summary. Person-centered approach. Basic lessons of 4th grade. The primary importance of content. The importance of the textbook in teaching.