"Russian architecture" lesson notes. Man-made miracle
Class: 3
Presentation for the lesson
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Lesson objectives:
- stimulate interest in knowledge and study of the natural and cultural heritage of their Motherland - Russia;
- teach to identify places of interest in Russia and talk about their features and value;
- teach how to work in a group, prepare a presentation on a proposed topic, perform mutual checking and adjustment of an educational task, take into account different opinions and strive for cooperation within the framework of educational dialogue.
Lesson equipment:
- physical map of Russia and flags for it;
- airplane model for moving around the map;
- presentation “Seven Wonders of Russia”.
During the classes
1. Organizational moment.
2. Checking homework:
What is World Heritage?
What architectural and natural objects are protected by the World Heritage Fund?
Name 7 wonders of the Ancient World?
Name 7 wonders of the modern world?
List 7 natural wonders of the modern world?
What landmark of Russia did we talk about in the last lesson? (Moscow Kremlin).
What do you remember about the Moscow Kremlin? (based on materials from the last lesson, textbook and workbook, based on independently prepared materials about Moscow and the Moscow Kremlin).
3. Studying new material.
Today we will get acquainted with other sights of Russia that we can be proud of. We will take an absentee trip “by plane” around our country and get acquainted with the seven wonders of Russia. Let's start our journey with a poem about Russia.
A pre-prepared student reads a poem by V. Stepanov:
If for a long, long, long time
We're going to fly on the plane,
If for a long, long, long time
We should look at Russia,
We'll see then
And forests and cities,
Ocean spaces,
Ribbons of rivers, lakes, mountains...
We will see the distance without edge,
Tundra, where spring rings,
And then we will understand what
Our Motherland is big,
An immense country.
Students talk about the wonders of Russia that they became acquainted with as a result of their project activities in groups, accompanying the story with presentation footage. During the presentation of the “miracle of Russia”, a flag and an airplane are attached to the Physical Map of Russia, thus plotting a travel route on the map.
1) Seven Wonders of Russia - a project whose goal was to search for the seven wonders of Russia. The competition was organized by the Izvestia newspaper, the Rossiya TV channel and the Mayak radio station. The election of the seven “miracles of the country” took place via SMS and the Internet. The competition took place in three stages. At the first stage, which took place from October 1, 2007 to February 1, 2008, options were accepted and voted on. As a result, 49 wonders were selected from 7 federal districts of Russia (7 wonders from each federal district0. From February 1 to May 1, 2008, stage 2 took place, as a result of which 14 finalists of the competition were selected. From May 1 to June 10, the super final was held, in which 7 wonders of Russia were chosen by secret ballot. On June 12, 2008, on Russia Day, the winners of the competition were announced on Red Square.
2) And we will begin our journey from the farthest point of our country - from Kamchatka.
The Valley of Geysers is one of the largest geyser fields in the world and the only one in Eurasia. The Valley of Geysers is located in Kamchatka. It is a deep canyon of the Geysernaya River, on the sides of which there is an area of about 6 square meters. km there are numerous geyser outlets, hot springs, mud pots, waterfalls and lakes. The Valley of Geysers is difficult to access; a protected area is in effect on its territory. On June 3, 2007, a major geological disaster occurred in the Valley of Geysers - a giant landslide occurred, blocking the bed of the Geysernaya River. On June 6, 2007, the head of the Ministry of Natural Resources stated that the state would take all possible measures to preserve the natural monument. Currently, most geysers have stabilized.
Weathering pillars (Mansi logs) are a geological monument in Russia, Troitsko-Pechora region of the Komi Republic. There are 7 remains, their height is from 30 to 42 meters. Numerous legends are associated with it. Previously, the Weathering Pillars were objects of Mansi cult. The pillars are located quite far from inhabited areas. Only trained tourists can get to them. About 200 million years ago, there were high mountains in place of the stone pillars. Rain, snow, wind, frost and heat gradually destroyed the mountains, and especially weak rocks. The hard shales from which they are composed were less destroyed and have survived to this day, while the soft rocks were destroyed by weathering and carried by water and wind into the lower relief. One pillar, 34 meters high, stands somewhat apart from the others; it resembles a huge bottle turned upside down during the day. 6 others lined up at the edge of the cliff. The pillars have bizarre outlines and, depending on the place of inspection, resemble either a human figure, or the head of a horse or a ram. In past times, the Mansi deified grandiose stone sculptures and worshiped them, but climbing them was the greatest sin. In the winter of 2013, German climber Stefan Glowacz climbed one of the pillars.
4) Now listen to the old Mansi legend.
In ancient times, in the dense forests that approached the very Ural Mountains, lived the powerful Mansi tribe. The men of the tribe were so strong that they defeated a bear one on one, and so fast that they could catch up with a running deer. There were a lot of furs and skins of killed animals in the Mansi yurts. Women made beautiful fur clothes from them. The good spirits who lived on the sacred mountain Yalling-Nyer helped the Mansi, because at the head of the tribe was the wise leader Kuuschai, who was in great friendship with them. The leader had a daughter, the beautiful Aim, and a son, Pygrymchum. The news of the beauty of young Aim spread far beyond the ridge. She was slender, like a pine tree that grew in a dense forest, and she sang so well that deer from the valley gathered to listen to her. The giant Torev (Bear) heard about the beauty of the daughter of the Mansi leader. Whose family hunted on the Kharaiz mountains. He demanded that Kuuschai give him his daughter Aim. But Aim, laughing, refused this offer. The angry Torev called his brothers and moved to Mount Torre Porre Iz to seize Aim by force. Unexpectedly, when Pygrymchum and part of the soldiers were hunting, a giant appeared in front of the gates of the stone city. All day long there was a fierce battle at the fortress walls. Under clouds of arrows, she climbed a high tower and shouted: “Oh, good spirits, save us from death, send Pigrymchum home.” At the same moment, lightning flashed in the mountains, thunder roared, and black clouds covered the city with a thick veil. “Insidious!” - Torev growled when he saw Aim on the tower. He rushed forward, crushing everything in his path. And only Aim managed to descend from the tower when it collapsed under the terrible blow of the giant’s club. Then Torev again raised his huge club and struck the crystal castle. The castle crumbled into small pieces, which were carried by the wind throughout the Urals. Since then, rock crystal fragments have been found in the Urals. Aim and a handful of warriors disappeared under the cover of darkness into the mountains. And suddenly, when the giants were ready to grab them, Pygrymchum appeared in the rays of the rising sun with a shiny shield and a sharp sword in his hands, which were shared by good spirits. Pygrymchum turned his shield towards the sun, and a fiery sheaf of light hit the eyes of the giant, who threw the tambourine aside. Before the eyes of the astonished brothers, the giant and the tambourine thrown aside began to slowly turn to stone. The brothers rushed back in horror, but, falling under the beam of Pygrymchum’s shield, they began to turn into stones. Since then, for thousands of years they have stood on the mountain, which the people called Man-Pupu-Nier (Mountain of Stone Idols). This is how the legend explains the origin of stone idols in the Komi Republic.
Baikal is a lake in the southern part of Eastern Siberia. This is the deepest lake on the planet, the largest natural reservoir of water. The greatest depth of the lake is 1642 meters. The water surface area of Lake Baikal is 31,722 square meters. km, which allows it to take 6th place in the world among the largest lakes in the world. 336 rivers and streams flow into Baikal, and one river flows out: the Angara. Baikal is home to 2,630 species and varieties of plants and animals, 2/3 of which live only in this body of water. The diversity of natural conditions and the antiquity of the territory created this natural reserve, where some relict plant species that have disappeared in other places have been preserved. The shores of the lake are densely overgrown with pine, spruce, fir and cedar, and blue spruce is also found. The forest slopes are covered with a green carpet of grass, lingonberries, blueberries, and wild rosemary thickets. 27 species of fish from Lake Baikal are found nowhere else. Fish in Baikal include Baikal omul, sturgeon, grayling, and whitefish. The most interesting fish in Baikal is the viviparous golomyanka fish, whose body contains up to 30% fat. Baikal is unique among lakes in that freshwater sponges grow here at great depths. The epishura crustacean lives only in Lake Baikal and makes up up to 80% of the zooplankton biomass and is the most important in the food chain of the reservoir. It performs the function of a filter, passes water through itself, purifying it. The beauty of Lake Baikal is unique and original. We present to your attention the song “The Glorious Sea – Sacred Baikal”.
6) And now we will visit the highest and most beautiful peak Elbrus.
Elbrus is a stratovolcano in the Caucasus, on the border of the republics of Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia. Elbrus is located north of the Greater Caucasus Range and is the highest peak in Russia. Elbrus is a two-peaked saddle-shaped cone of a volcano. The western peak has a height of 3642 meters, and the eastern one – 5621 meters. They are separated by a saddle and are approximately 3000 meters apart. The last volcanic eruption was approximately 2000 years ago. The total area of Elbrus glaciers is 134.5 square meters. km. The first successful ascent to one of the peaks of Elbrus was made in 1829 during an expedition led by General G.A. Emmanuel, head of the Caucasian fortified line. The expedition was scientific in nature. Now Elbrus is very popular for climbing, both in mountaineering and mountain tourism.
7) Our journey continues in the hero city of Volgograd.
Mamayev Kurgan is a hill on the banks of the Volga River in the city of Volgograd, where fierce fighting took place during the Battle of Stalingrad during the Great Patriotic War, especially from September 1942 to January 1943, lasting 200 days. Control of this height repeatedly passed from Soviet to German troops and vice versa, occupying a dominant role over the central part of Stalingrad and the Volga. Under the leadership of sculptor E.V. Vuchetich, a monument-ensemble “To the Heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad” (1959-1967) was erected on Mamayev Kurgan. From the Square of Sorrow, the ascent to the top of the mound begins to the base of the Main Monument “The Motherland Calls!” Along the serpentine, in the hill, the remains of 34,505 soldiers-defenders of Stalingrad, as well as 35 granite tombstones of Heroes of the Soviet Union, participants in the Battle of Stalingrad, were reburied. Sculpture “The Motherland is Calling!” is the compositional center of the entire ensemble. This is a woman holding a sword in her hand, who stands in a pose of calling for fight. The height of the statue is 85 meters with the sword and 52 meters without the sword. From the foot of the mound to its top there are 200 steps - according to the number of days of the Battle of Stalingrad.
8) Now let's move to the capital of our Motherland - Moscow and get acquainted with the most beautiful architectural monument - St. Basil's Cathedral.
The Cathedral of the Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary, on the Moat, is also called St. Basil's Cathedral. This is an Orthodox church located on Red Square in Moscow. This is a widely known monument of Russian architecture. Until the 17th century, it was usually called Trinity, since the original wooden church was dedicated to the Holy Trinity. Currently, the Intercession Cathedral is a branch of the State Historical Museum, one of the most famous landmarks in Russia. For many, it is a symbol of Moscow and the Russian Federation. Since 1931, in front of the cathedral there has been a bronze monument to Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky (installed on Red Square in 1818). The Intercession Cathedral was built in 1555-1561 by order of Ivan the Terrible in memory of the capture of Kazan and the victory over the Kazan Khanate. There are several versions about the creators of the cathedral. According to one version, the architect was the famous Pskov master Postnik Yakovlev, nicknamed Barma. According to another, widely known version, Barma and Postnik are two different architects, both participated in the construction; this version is now outdated. According to the third version, the cathedral was built by an unknown Western European master, hence such a unique style, combining traditional both for Russian architecture and European architecture of the Renaissance; but this version has not yet found any clear documentary evidence. According to legend, the architects of the cathedral were blinded by order of Ivan the Terrible so that they could not build another similar temple. In 1918, the Intercession Cathedral became one of the cultural monuments taken under state protection as a monument of national and world significance. Since 1991, the Intercession Cathedral has been jointly used by the museum and the Russian Orthodox Church. After a long break, services were resumed in the temple. The height of the temple is 65 meters. There are only 11 domes. The cathedral consists of 8 churches, the altars of which are illuminated in honor of Orthodox holidays. All churches are crowned with onion domes and are grouped around the ninth pillar-shaped church towering above them in honor of the Intercession of the Mother of God, completed with a tent. In 1588, a 10th boundary was added to the cathedral from the east, dedicated to St. Basil, whose relics are located on the site where the cathedral was built. The cathedral has been restored several times.
9) The last miracle of Russia is located in the glorious city of St. Petersburg, which has long been called the second capital of Russia.
Peterhof. Founded at the very beginning of the 18th century by Emperor Peter 1 near the new northern capital - St. Petersburg, Peterhof was supposed to become the most luxurious summer royal residence. Work on the creation of a new residence was carried out with stunning speed. Already in August 1723, the grand opening of Peterhof took place, and by this time the Lower Park had been laid out, the Sea Canal had been dug, some of the fountains were in operation, the upper chambers had been decorated, and the Monplaisir and Marly palaces had been built. According to the plan of Peter 1, Peterhof was, on the one hand, to compare in splendor with the most famous royal residences of Europe, on the other, to become a triumphal monument to the successful completion of Russia’s struggle for access to the Baltic Sea. Both were completed brilliantly. By the mid-20s of the 18th century, the regular Upper Garden and Lower Park were laid out, the Great Palace was built, the world's largest system of fountains and water cascades was created, and most of the sculptural decoration was completed. In the planning structure of the Peterhof ensemble, regularity and symmetry of the overall composition are combined with the skillful use of the natural terrain and a variety of artistic solutions for individual sections of the park, pavilions and fountains.
10) Our correspondence journey through the famous places of Russia, which are currently recognized as the Seven Wonders of Russia, has come to an end. In conclusion, I suggest you listen to E. Sinitsyn’s poem “Take Care of Russia.”
Take care of Russia, there is no other Russia.
Take care of her peace and quiet,
This is the sky and the sun, this bread is on the table
And a native window in a forgotten village.Take care of Russia so that it is strong,
To save us from trouble in difficult times.
She knows no fears, and her steel is strong.
And she doesn’t feel sorry for the last shirt for her friend.Take care of Russia, we cannot live without it.
Take care of it so that it will last forever
Our truth and strength, our proud destiny.
Take care of Russia, there is no other Russia.
You and I have a lot to be proud of, but all this wealth of nature and man-made art must be preserved for future generations. Love and take care of our Russia, because this is our Motherland.
4. Lesson summary.
D/Z: textbook pp. 100-103, workbook pp. 64-67.
Slide 2
Since our distant ancestors first wove two branches together to make a shelter, countless buildings have been erected by architects and builders. Many thousands of buildings have survived to this day. Often these were places of worship. Their construction has always been associated with exceptional spiritual and emotional dedication of architects and craftsmen; their creations were successfully outlined against the backdrop of picturesque landscapes. Sometimes a building and a locality form such a harmonious combination that it goes beyond the boundaries of any particular religion.
Slide 3
The shimmering white marble of the Taj Mahal preserves the memory of the love of a man and a woman. Its symmetry and sophistication are like a perfect pearl against the azure sky. This is not only the most famous mausoleum, but also one of the most beautiful structures on earth
Slide 4
The influence of this colossal temple on Christian and Muslim architecture is difficult to overestimate.
Hagia Sophia: The Byzantine Miracle
Slide 5
Mont Saint Michel
The rocky island with its Gothic monastery and church is an architectural marvel and the oldest religious center in France.
Slide 6
The tomb of Tutankhamun in the Egyptian Valley of the Kings kept its secrets for 3,300 years. The richest gold treasure found in it shocked the imagination of people all over the world, which brought worldwide fame to the man who discovered it.
Tutankhamun's tomb
Slide 7
Jews, Christians and Muslims fill the ancient streets of Jerusalem, a city symbol of their common heritage and the center of a violent struggle.
Jerusalem: the city chosen by God.
Slide 8
This legendary city, which arose at the crossroads of the ancient trade routes of Central Asia, has attracted poets, pilgrims and robbers for more than 2000 years. When the sunlight plays on the city's ornate mosques and minarets, it sparkles like a huge golden beacon.
Abstractlesson
Sketching the temple, combining it with the landscapeLesson Objectives
educational :
learn to depict:
A Look at the Form
The perception of geometric bodies, which form the basis of all the variety of figures,
Fulfill the established goal with graphite and paints
developing :
develop:
Sense of beauty
Memory and Imagination
raising :
bring up:
Interest in fine arts, understanding of architecture
Attention to painting, spirituality.
Equipment
paper, pencils, eraser, paints, interactive whiteboard, computer and drawings.
Progress of the lesson and consolidation of material
Forever my great-grandfathers And grandfathers
Carpenters were on Rus' .
Not neither them whether With early childhood looking ,
IN hands took sons axe .
Because And masters uncles
appear V district before these since then .
How many hewn father my logs !
Here They get up in front me :
Friend behind friend put their flush –
Was would belted ball terrestrial .
Forever my great-grandfathers And grandfathers
Carpenters were on Rus' .
Not neither them whether With early childhood looking ,
IN hands took sons axe .
Because And masters uncles
appear V district before these since then .
How many hewn father my logs !
Here They get up in front me :
Friend behind friend put their flush –
Was would belted ball terrestrial .
LowerOnega ( villageVoemozero)
Now no one can give a definite explanation of where the architecture took root: tented churches, similar to space rockets; huts and courtyards the size of half a five-story building; silvery aspen “scales” - ploughshares on roofs and domes. Something, of course, developed the strict northern climate - at least the same courtyard houses, where everything, from housing to stables, was built under one roof for protection from snow and frost. Something, most likely, was learned in ancient times from neighbors: Celtic temples from a distance resemble Varangian tents, and the eastern peoples try to challenge the fantasy of the tent. No matter what thoughts we express, all these types of buildings are at least a thousand years old, and for example, the main Sophia of Novgorod, built in the same year when the main event in Christianity took place - the Baptism of Rus', was a tented sanctuary. Raised by the light of natural history, these structures are as natural as the surrounding hills, groves and rivers.
Seven colorful samples:
- The Kizhi churchyard and museum in Karelia are the most impeccable (Preobrazhenskaya) and most surviving (Resurrection of Lazarus) wooden churches in Russia.
- Malye Karely near Arkhangelsk is the most significant Russian museum of wooden architecture.
- The chapels of the Kenozersky National Park are the most favorable reserve of wooden antiquities for recreation and excursions.
- Varzuga and other villages of the Tersky Coast in the Murmansk region are the northernmost ancient Russian villages.
- Kimzha and other villages near the Mezen River are the most indivisible and true wooden Rus'.
- Sretensko-Mikhailovskaya Church on the site of the disappeared village of Krasnaya Lyaga is the most enchanted place.
Nevsky Forest Park near St. Petersburg - the restored temple of the Vytegorsky churchyard, the largest and most complex of those that survived to XX century, but burned down in the 1960s
(study by Tatyana Leshchenko)
Kenozero, Vershinino village, St. Nicholas Chapel, the exact age is not available in the sources, but it is no secret that it was there long before 1846. Back at the very beginningXXThe bell tower was missing and was added later, completing the entire image. In the 80sXXcentury, the chapel fell into disrepair. After the creation of the Kenozersky National Park in 1991, the chapel was restored by Russian and Norwegian restorers. It took two years to restore.
The chapel stands on the crown of a hill, which is where the name of the village comes from.
(study by Tatyana Leshchenko)
Pochozero temple ensembleXVIII- XIX, Filippovskaya village, Plesetsk district, Arkhangelsk region. A unique temple complex consisting of two churches, the Finding of the Head of John the Baptist of the Origin of the Honorable Virgins of Christ, and a bell tower. In 2001, the temple complex began to be restored. The sketch of the restoration project was developed by the architect L. Tkachenko. The work was carried out over eight years.
(study by Tatyana Leshchenko)
KargopolskyR- He, villageRedLyaga. The mostantiquechurchKargopolskydistrict – Sretensko- Mikhailovskaya (1665) It hasformtent. IN 1894-1895 yychurchwascoveredexternalsheathingWitheclecticdecorVologdamasters. ChurchlocatedVdeplorableconditionontoday'sday, internaldecorationalmostNotpreserved.
“As measure and beauty say,” which acts as the genetic code of Northern Russian culture.
Thismetaphorberetits origins in the construction terminology of Russian wooden architecture. In the North, in many cases, churches were built on the initiative of peasants; they were often not only religious, but also social centers. The peasant volost world invited professional craftsmen - carpenters - to build churches. Temples were built from wood, and “woodworking” was “a custom” among the northerners. In orderly - a kind of written assignments - construction contracts, which acted as a legal document, it was specified in detail what the church should be like.
These were a kind of verbal drawings, where similar buildings and forms were given as samples.Having receivedideas about the future structure, the craftsmen had to rely on their experience, instinct and taste. It is not for nothing that in the ancient contracts that were concluded between the master of the carpenter’s artel and the “world” (peasant customers), the following expressions are usually found: “to do to please”
“to cut down” as “beautiful”, “... and to build in height, as measure and beauty say.”
At the same time, we must not forget that language is one of the most important codes of culture. Language is its original, ancient basis, which always stands behind any cultural sign, because everything expressed by cultural texts can be expressed by means of language.
Folk culture with its calendar, predictions, signs, signs creates its own version of metaphorical symbolism. Metaphor as a cultural code serves to identify heuristic scientific hypotheses, and in science, metaphor is a necessary means of scientific creativity. Almost every new scientific concept appears as a kind of metaphor, becoming an accurate concept only over time.
By forming a cultural space, a person realized his understanding of the laws of nature, his vision of the world through such phenomena as a temple and a home. In the cultural space of the Russian North, the high status of the peasant house and temple was formed.
“The image of the Universe is consciously embodied in the temple.” The temple, as the most generalized, semantically rich image of the universe, occupied a central place in the sacred space of the northern peasant “world.” We must not forget that for a person, the living space organized by him is a kind of model of the surrounding world. Temples as symbols of the universe dominate this space, human housing is the second plan, outbuildings are the third.
Task: complete an image of a tented wooden temple
Lesson structure
Organizationalmoment (1-2 min.)
Setting goals and objectives for the lesson (2 min)
Explanation of the lesson of new material (15-25 min.)
Consolidating new material (10-15 min.)
Summing up the lesson (3-4 min.)
End (1 min.)
Lesson content
Organizing time
Hello! Please have a seat
Setting goals and lesson objectives
TodayWelet's startstudyRussianarchitecture, Aexactlywoodenarchitecture « RussianNorth», let's touch onSosametemplescitiesKursk.
Explanation new material
The concept of “Russian wooden architecture” as well as “culture of the Russian North”, concepts that have taken on the form of a unique formula. It evokes a number of stable associations - open spaces, deep rivers, forests, swamps, unique folk wooden architecture, reflecting methods of human adaptation to a harsh climate.
Methods and methodological techniques
Verbal: conversation;
Visual: reproductions;
Practical: demonstration of some techniques in painting and drawing of a thematic composition.
Equipmentclasses
Forteachers:
Forstudent:
Computer, books, reproductions, posters.
Album, pencils, paints, brushes, eraser, notebookForrecords, pen.
Schemeregistrationboards
Subjectlesson
Pedagogical drawing
Composition example
Subjectlesson
« Russianwoodenarchitecture»
Viewclasses
DrawingBymemory, Bysubmission
Typelesson
Combined
Goalslesson
Educational
Teach to form morality, aesthetics, think about beauty, about art, the concept of the role of fine art in the life of society. Learn to analyze a work of art from the point of view of constructing an image and observing the main laws in drawing and painting.
Developmental
Development of artistic and creative abilities of students, figurative and associative thinking, visual-figurative memory, emotional and aesthetic perception of reality, develop creative imagination.
Educating
Cultivate interest in fine arts, understanding of architecture, interest in painting, spirituality
MHC lesson using ICT, grade 8
Topic: “The Origins of Russian Architecture»
Goal: to study the characteristic features of folk wooden architecture, including remembering the traditions associated with construction.
Tasks:
Training - to contribute to the education of moral attitudes towards the Motherland, the traditions of Russian and Mordovian; formation of moral and aesthetic responsiveness to beauty, consolidation of the skills to highlight the main characteristic features of architectural structures, apply acquired knowledge in practice when performing creative work
Development - promote the development of creative abilities and the emotional sphere.
Education - to cultivate respect for the customs and traditions of one’s people, to stimulate interest in Russian art, and a sense of responsibility for the preservation and development of folk traditions.
During the classes:
I would like to start our lesson with the words of the great Russian classic
N.V. Gogol:
“...Architecture is the same chronicle of the world: it speaks when songs and legends are already silent and when nothing speaks about the people. Let her appear in such a form that when we look at her, the thought of a past life dawns on us and makes us grateful for her existence ... "
Text slide: lesson topic.
Lesson topic: “ORIGINS OF RUSSIAN ARCHITECTURE.”
Slide show: photographs of the forest, rituals of the Mordovians.
…Human life has always been deeply connected with the nature of their native land. The nature of nature shaped the way people lived, determined how to get food, build a house, admire beauty and what to dream about.
In our area, people in ancient times lived along the banks of rivers and lakes, surrounded by forests. Rivers served as roads both in winter and summer, and the impenetrable forest protected them from enemies.
Remembering the traditions of the Mordovians, it should be noted that the attitude towards the tree and the forest was special. Since ancient times, the Mordovians have been called the forest people. It was in the forests that she held traditional prayers and addressed certain urgent requests to Vir-ava. Some trees were attributed medicinal properties. When people fell ill, they came to worship such trees and hung pieces of canvas, scarves, and ribbons on them as sacrificial gifts. If a child was sick for a long time, they resorted to such an effective remedy: they dragged him through a split tree. Moreover, the boy was dragged through an oak tree, the girl through a birch tree. When the newborn was first washed, they hovered him with a broom, the boy with an oak broom so that he would be strong and live long, the girl with a birch tree so that she would be slender and beautiful. The rowan broom was supposed to not only convey to the child the strength and beauty of the tree, but also protect him from evil spirits. For the same purpose, rowan branches were placed in the baby's cradle for 40 days.
Slide show: reproductions of works by Ilyukhin, F.V. Sychkova
… The beauty of our land is created not only by nature. It preserves traces of human labor. Our ancestors reclaimed land from the forest and turned it into arable land. Century after century, the harsh nature, well-groomed by the peasant, acquired smoothness and slope. Nature was changed by human labor.
… People built their own world, in which there was an inextricable unity with nature and a sense of kinship with the outside world.
Wood served as the main material. The peasant made almost all the objects he needed in everyday life from wood. The huts were also made of wood. Hence the word "village".
— What tree species were chosen for construction?
— Pine, oak, and linden were used. Aspen was used much less frequently for these purposes.
Thus, one Erzya-Mordovian song says: “Whoever builds a pine house, let him say that it has a hut”: smoke from the house comes from above, its warmth spreads below. Whoever builds an aspen hut, let him say that he is without a hut: its warmth comes from above, its smoke comes from below.
In the old days, village huts were built not in order, but, as they said, in a joyful place, so that the owner would be comfortable and not disturb the neighbor.
Over time, they began to build them with a facade, i.e. facing the road, and it turned out to be “y-face”.
… Previously, the huts in the villages had never been painted or sheathed. People knew how to appreciate the amazing beauty and warmth of wood, its calm strength.
…On a cloudy day, the logs of the huts look like silver, on a fine day they turn blue, sometimes they are dark brown, and in the sun they look like warm, glowing honey.
… Construction skills were not born immediately, not suddenly. Over the centuries, experience has been accumulated, cleared of everything random, passed from hand to hand, from generation to generation. This is how folk wisdom grew.
Text slide: traditional hut.
- What did the word “hut” mean?
Izba - this word sounded in ancient times as “istba”, “heating”, i.e. a dwelling that was heated from the inside and served as a reliable shelter from the cold.
The peasant built his house - a hut - firmly, thoroughly, so that it would be comfortable to live in, and so that everyone who looked at it would rejoice.
In the construction of the hut, order was observed, found through the work of many generations. Massive logs, most often pine, were cut down in advance.
And when the wood became dry, they began to build a hut.
From the outside, it looks like horizontal logs are being passed through one another. It turns out this way. Stepping back from the edge of the log, a hole is made to the middle of the depth, round like a cup, into which another log will lie. This method of fastening was called “in oblo” or “with the remainder.” The remainder was needed to prevent the corners from freezing and rotting from moisture. The grooves in residential buildings were laid with moss and caulked with tow. In the design of the hut, everything is not accidental, everything has meaning.
— What was the carpenter’s main tool?
— The carpenter’s main tool was an axe, which was used with amazing skill. Even nails were not needed. Everything is solid and reliable.
Each row of logs fastened together makes up a “crown”.
A felled quadrangle of logs was called a “cage”
If the cage was covered with a roof and a stove was placed in it, then it was called a “hut”
The covered space between the cages was called “canopy”.
Text slide: new terms.
Writing terms in a notebook .
Slide: photographs of ship carvings.
A hut is just a hut, but there are no others like it, just as there are no similar people.
Each has its own face, its own posture. The owner of each hut tried to decorate his house as richly and beautifully as possible. Each region of Russia had its own traditions.
— What is the name of the carvings that decorated Mordovian huts?
The name "ship carving" comes from the word "ship". Volga ships were decorated with such carvings. Among the artels of Russian carpenters who built the ships, there were also Mordovian ones. Carpentry artels worked in villages in their free time from shipbuilding. They built peasant huts and transferred ship carvings to decorate houses. But the time came when on the Volga, as on other navigable rivers, the ancient ships were replaced by steam ones. Left without work, talented carvers went to the villages, spreading their art there. The carving was dominated by floral patterns. The main element is a branch that bends smoothly. Oval curls extended from it in both directions. A flower or grape cluster was carved at the end of the branch and curls. Such carvings were expensive and were used to decorate the houses of wealthy peasants. The rest were decorated with geometric patterns.
Slide show: photographs of various types of huts.
A wide variety of huts were built. The simplest type of Russian peasant house was a single-timber hut - four walls with a vestibule, when the log house was not partitioned inside, and the hut consisted of one room.
The five-walled hut consisted of two adjacent rooms separated by a chopped wall - a partition. If there were two such partitions, then the result was a six-walled hut.
Text slide: mansions.
These huts had many more rooms. Such rich city houses
were called mansions. They were a whole complex of two or three storey wooden log houses, connected by vestibules and passages.
The lower rooms were allocated for utility rooms. On the second and third floors there were living rooms and chambers: dining rooms, bedrooms, living rooms.
The rooms in the upper cage were called upper rooms (in a peasant house, an unheated summer room was called an upper room)
The cell above the dining room, which sometimes resembled a tower and served for receiving guests, was called povalusha (from the ancient word “general, general”
The bright upper room above the entryway with windows on 4 sides was called the tower.
Sometimes a covered gallery was built around the tower - a walkway.
Slide: photographs of various domestic buildings.
The village is not only residential huts.
— What other buildings can you find?
— There are barns for storing grain, sheds, threshing floors, and bathhouses near the water. Everything is smart
simple and beautiful.
Slide show: wooden temples.
In the center of the village, in the best and most visible place, there is a church. Temples pointing towards the sky were visible from everywhere. People came here with their hopes, bringing their sorrows and joys.
The most ancient churches were not much different from the hut. They only have higher, pointed roofs on the thin neck of the dome.
The tent temple is a quadrangular frame - a quadrangle, on which stands an octagon - the octagonal base of the tent. Below, such a building was often surrounded by a hospitable porch - a walkway.
Step by step, the development of architectural forms went from simple to complex. This is especially evident in the image of the famous Transfiguration Cathedral from the island of Kizhi in Karelia. Like a festive choir, the onion domes are directed upward. The main, but solemn and changeable rhythm permeates the entire building. The chapters seem to be united by a powerful, but soft, feminine force. So kokoshniks appeared as decorations in cathedrals. Such multi-domed temples became the pinnacle of Russian wooden temple architecture.
“... Quite a few wonderful wooden churches were created in the 17th century “without a single nail.” But this, erected as a farewell memory of Ancient Rus', when Rus' had already become Russia, is a whole poem. And it’s not for nothing that the very name of Kizhi has become, as it were, a symbol of the beauty of the Russian folk soul...”
I. Grabar
Text slide: questions.
Questions to reinforce new material:
What types of trees were used in construction in Rus'?
What was the basis of any wooden structure?
What parts does a traditional peasant house consist of?
How were huts decorated in Mordovian villages?
What were the names of rich city houses?
How was the structure of the wooden temple different?
Independent work study
Drawing sketches of wooden buildings in a notebook indicating the main components (using new terminology)
Slide: homework.
Homework:
Draw a mansion or a fairy-tale palace in the Russian style, explain creative work using new terminology.
… It is necessary to know your culture, your roots. This postulate, I hope, does not need to be proven. It is enough to note - and, most likely, this will be true (although not new) that without the past there is no future, there is no development, both of an individual and of society as a whole...
Lesson – journey through the MCC
“Dignified culture of all peoples.”
Target: Repetition and generalization on a topic based on creative skills.
Generalization and systematization of students' knowledge.
Tasks:
Development of cognitive activity and creative abilities of students;
Forming an interest in knowledge and the ability to work with additional literature;
Formation of elements of a wide variety of cultures: culture of communication, speech, plastic arts, ethics, clothing, relationships;
Development of elements of creative activity as qualities of thinking - intuition, spatial imagination, ingenuity;
Memory development;
To develop self-confidence in students through lessons.
Equipment: illustrations, application of TSO, excerpts from literary and musical works, presentation.
Teacher - The theme of our theatrical travel lesson is “Dignified culture of all peoples.” And today we will take you on a fascinating journey into the past.
SOUNDS: musical fragment "To Eliza"
Teacher- Teachers!
Everyone has them
And knowledge from generations
Passed on through generations.
And collecting knowledge bit by bit
We build, we write, we create!
It doesn't matter where we use them,
But what matters is how and why... we live!
(in the text, children take their places)
ARCHITECT-
Teachers of eras and generations
I, an architect, build temples and housing.
My creations all over the planet...
Leaning Tower of Pisa celebration.
And the wise sphinx, and the Church of St. Xenia.
I recreated thanks to the teachers.
MASTER-
I sing praise to those masters
Who put my mind into my hands.
I am a master! I can do everything, I can do everything.
Folk creations are my guarantee of this.
And the Zhostovo tray, and the Tula samovar,
Chinese porcelain, Russian matryoshka.
I have carried the culture of nations for centuries
There's no greater praise I could say
Any folk master.
PAINTER-
I am a painter!
Praise be to the teachers!
Me and Rembrandt, and Picasso and Aivazovsky.
I will give you faith through the icon!
Creations of Rublev, Theophanes the Greek...
COMPOSER –
And I will make you cry and laugh,
Sad and happy
Grieve and be reborn.
I will touch your soul with a key, a string
Or maybe like Lel and a simple pipe.
I will sing the anthem to the teachers with my music
Who gave us knowledge.
Teacher -
We through our creativity
By work, play and KVN
We get to know the art and culture of all countries
And we call all this a lesson.
So together creatively, spiritually and culturally
We are growing as individuals!
The teacher and students are in front of you.
If you want to know more about us, see:
And you will see everything for yourself!
SOUNDS: harp - Boyan comes out, the Bell is projected, the epigraph.
BOYAN - Bells!
Your sonorous ringing -
The language of the earth
Who fed me.
Joy lives in you,
Ex's life...
Teacher - Bells...for many centuries they have accompanied the life of Christians with their ringing. They measured the course of the day, illuminating the time of work and rest, sleep and wakefulness. Since ancient times, bells in Rus' have invariably accompanied holidays and celebrations, informed people about important events, invited people to rallies, showed the way to travelers lost in bad weather, and on tragic days for the Motherland they called for the defense of the Fatherland. The amazing history of bell music goes back to antiquity. But in Rus', bell ringing became a national art: it entered music, was reflected in literature, and in painting.
Teacher - Let's remember when bells appeared in Rus'? Can we imagine the history of our country without the ringing of bells? And who created them?
1st student - in 1530, Ivan Afanasyevich poured out a bell for Novgorod, its ringing was likened to a “terrible sounding trumpet.”
2nd – “This surpasses human strength! There is nothing like this rarity, great, amazing and unique in the world, there has never been and never will be!” This is what the historian from Byzantium Pavel Aleppo wrote about the Great Assumption Bell of the Kremlin. A giant weighing 800 pounds (128 tons) seemed like a miracle. The great bell work was carried out by the very young Alexander Grigoriev in 1655.
3rd – The largest bell not only in Russia, but in the whole world was cast in Moscow in 1773-1735. Ivan Motorin and his son Mikhail. Its weight is 200 tons.
4th-Ringing a bell was one of the favorite pastimes of the Russian people. There was a special charter for ringing, which indicated how to ring on weekdays and holidays. It was considered the greatest honor to greet the best people of the fatherland with the ringing of bells.
5th - In Rus', bells were treated as living beings, they were given nicknames: Gabriel, Reut (howler). Wide, Swan, Bear - depending on the nature of their sound.
Teacher - The everyday ringing of bells contrasts sharply with the upbeat festive ringings. It is performed by 1 bell ringer. Let's listen.
Sounds: Everyday ringing of bells
Teacher - In the time of Peter! The Yegoryevsky ringing, characterized by its smooth and dimensional rhythm, became widespread. The powerful sounds of 3 large bells fill the space with harmony. The sound of small bells especially stands out against their background. Listen.
Sounds: Yegoryevsky ringing.”
Teacher - During fires, disasters or other incidents, one more sonorous bell was heard. This kind of ringing is called Alarm or Alarm. In ancient times, alarm bells were called “veche” bells because they were rung when people gathered at a meeting. Listen to this ringing.
Sounds: Alarm bell.
Teacher - At the end of the 19th century, musically gifted Rostov bell ringers created their own original ringing, in which the crayons behind the ringing bells convey a cheerful festive peal, and the middle ones open up creative space for new melodies. Let's listen to the holiday bells.
Sounds like holiday bells.
Teacher - And how the bells resonated in our Russian literature! Their ringing can be heard in it from ancient times right up to the present day. Let's remember some.
1st – They don’t sleep. They don’t remember, they don’t trade,
Over the black city, like a groan,
Stands, tormenting the dead night,
Solemn Easter bell.
2nd – 7 hills – like 7 bells!
There are bell towers on the seven bells.
All bills are forty forty.
Bell Semikholmie.
M. Tsvetaeva
3rd – Day of the Orthodox East,
Hallowed, hallowed great day,
Spread your gospel widely
And dress the whole of Russia with them!
F.I.Tyutchev
Teacher - Thank you. Bells often ring in Russian classical opera. Remember “Ivan Susanin” by M. Glinka, “Boris Godunov” by Mussorgsky.
Let's listen to excerpts from these operas:
SOUNDS:_________________________________
Teacher - The ability to feel and experience was attributed to the bells, and human speech was heard in their sounds.
Scientists have established a very real fact that microbes harmful to humans die in the waves of bell ringing.
Teacher - The Netherlands is considered the birthplace of bell ringing. The ringing of bells was very popular in England. There were societies of bell ringers at churches and cathedrals. In our time, the love for bell ringing has not faded away. Nowadays they organize bell music festivals. Most often, such holidays are held in the ancient Russian cities of Rostov the Great and Suzdal, which are famous for their wonderful bells.
Boyan - Let, touching people's hearts,
The descendants will be called by the bell,
Becoming one with the choir of the liturgy
In the chest of the mourner weep!
To unity, friendship, goodness
Let him call people from now on,
And in the world he will fulfill it
What is it dedicated to?
SOUNDS:_________________________-bell ringing
Teacher - They say: an icon is a prayer in colors,
Temple - prayer in stone,
The bell is a prayer in sound.
Anyone who has not learned to pray has a way out. Stop for a minute and listen! The bell speaks to you...
Teacher - Now let's move on to the miracle of Russian architecture.
The Architect comes out
Architect – Most of the monuments of ancient Russian architecture. Those that have reached us are the churches. They are the ones who give us an idea of Russian medieval architecture.
Teacher - let's remember the first centuries of Russian architecture. List the most ancient buildings of Kyiv, Novgorod, Vladimir.
1st - (attaches a picture to the board) - on the occasion of the outstanding Victory, Prince Yaroslav ordered to lay a temple in honor of St. Sophia in Kyiv. The multi-domed structure became a real decoration of the cathedral. This cathedral played an important role in the life of medieval Kyiv - it stored state documents, had a library and a workshop for handwritten books.
2nd – In the middle of the 11th century. Yaroslav's son, Prince Vladimir, founded the temple in Novgorod and named it Sophia. Its enormous size was striking: a high domed space, many secret rooms.
3rd - on the territory of the ancient Yuryev Monastery at the beginning of the 12th century. The monumental St. George's Cathedral was built. This cathedral was the last monumental building in Novgorod.
4th - the last building of the 12th century, there was an outstanding monument - the Church of the Savior on Nereditsa. Its customer, Prince Yaroslav Vladimirovich, wanted to build a temple near his country residence. Despite the small size of the temple. It seems majestic and monumental. The main feature of the Nereditsa rescue is its plasticity and roundness of shape.
5th – 3 km. from Bogolyubov, at the confluence of the Klyazma and Nerl rivers, a temple of unprecedented beauty was erected with the name of the Intercession. The Church of the Intercession on the Nerl delights with its extraordinary lightness. Almost weightless. In its white stone outfit, the temple is like a bride in a wedding dress.
Architect - the unique appearance of ancient Russian architecture was formed over the centuries. Byzantium was its ancestor, but having emerged from the bonds of apprenticeship, Russian architecture went its own original way.
Slide show
Teacher - who can tell me which architectural monuments of the 12th century have survived to this day?
1st – Golden Gate in Vladimir. They have survived to this day, albeit in a highly distorted form.
2nd - now the white stone miracle of the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl stands in the middle of a field on a low hill. At its foot is a small lake, the remnant of the Nerl River bed.
3rd – a cathedral has been preserved near Moscow in Dubrovitsy.
Teacher - the architectural ensembles of Russian monasteries, which were usually built far from villages, in remote areas, were also amazing in beauty.
Wooded places. And the life of monks is interesting. Let's take a look at the monastery.
SOUNDS: __________________ there is a coffee table, a candle, a book, a long sheet of paper, a monk is writing with a pen.
Teacher - In a narrow monastery cell,
In four blank walls
About the land about ancient Russian
The story was written down by a monk.
Monk - I wrote in winter and summer.
Illuminated by dim light,
I wrote year after year
About our great people.
Teacher - What does the word monk mean?
1st – translated from Greek, means “solitary”
Teacher - who will list the exploits of the monks?
2nd – Cave. Seclusion, pillarism, monks took vows of silence, foolishness. A holy fool was a person who pretended to be mad in order to endure the reproach and mockery of people. Even kings listened to their prophecies.
Teacher - Who could become a monk?
3rd – Any person who has reached the age of ten.
Teacher - what clothes did the novice wear when he was tonsured?
4th – The clothes were made of coarse black woolen fabric. Cassock - a long shirt reaching to the toes, a leather belt, boots and a hood - a low cap.
Teacher - what was monastic life like?
1st – There was a strict management system in the monasteries. Their whole life was regulated by the Charter.
2nd - In the middle of the century, monasteries were important centers of culture - writing, icon painting, temple building. The first libraries in Rus' were also monastic ones.
3rd – Books in the monastery were not only collected, but also copied. Ancient chroniclers lived and worked in Russian monasteries. The monk of the Kiev-Pechersk Monastery Nestor created the first Russian chronicle “The Tale of Bygone Years” in the 12th century.
4th – in the 15th-17th centuries, the greatest thinkers of the Russian land worked in the Trinity Monastery. The writer Epifani the Wise spent more than 30 years in the monastery.
5th - For spreading his views, the preacher Maxim Gek was exiled, wandered around the Monasteries until he ended up in Trinity, where he died, leaving a rich literary heritage - more than 150 sermons, translations.
6th – Many monasteries housed the richest collections of fine and decorative arts.
7th – St. Sergius of Radonezh in Ancient Rus' was called “Hegumen of the Russian Land.” He was revered and loved, considered their patron. He was born into a boyar family. At 23 years old. Left without parents, he distributed the inheritance along with his older brother. Stefan. As a priest, in the middle of a dense forest, he cut down a hut in order to live in solitude and unceasing prayer. Sergius took monastic vows. Gradually, many people gathered to Sergius, and a large monastery grew up on the site of a lonely hut. Sergius was the first in Russia to introduce the strictest regulations in it.
Teacher - The world of the Russian monastery was surprisingly multifaceted. He combined sublime religious, spirituality and the poverty of monastic life, a variety of arts and an extensive, exemplary economy, book learning.
Teacher – Russian medieval painting is predominantly religious. Painting is, first of all, the art of color. Artists depicted saints and illustrated biblical scenes. In temples they can be seen in the form of wall paintings, mosaics and frescoes. In the old days, the icon was treated with great respect as an object of worship. Let's see some of them.
Sounds:__________________________ the painter comes out
Painter - In the old days, in every house, in a place of honor - in the red corner - images hung. “Measurement icons” were common in royal life. When the prince was born, the baby’s measurements were taken and handed over to the icon painter. He chose a board the size of a newborn and painted the image of his patron saint.
Teacher - The Kremlin Armory houses the measured icon “John of the Climacus,” painted in 1554 in honor of the birth of Tsarevich Ivan, the son of Ivan the Terrible. Most often, saints were depicted on icons. And icons depicting the “Mother of God” occupied a place of honor. And today’s “vernissage” will introduce us to the image of the “Mother of God” in fine art.
Sounds: Ave Maria.
More than 300 iconographic scenes of the Mother of God were known in Rus'. A variety of artists have repeatedly turned to her image. Among the great masters who paid tribute to this theme in their work is the Italian painter and scientist Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) (an image is attached to the board).
1st - the image of the Madonna (as the Mother of God was called in Italy) more than once attracted the attention of Renaissance painters. This is one of Leonardo's works in a rare technique for that time - oil. "Madonna of the Flower" - painted in Florence in 1472. The canvas seems to be shrouded in a light, airy haze. “The young mother, with a joyful smile, hands the baby a flower and watches as the baby carefully examines it.
2nd – Another exciting maternal image created by Leonardo da Vinci “Madonna and Child” (1490) Depicts a state of calm joy. In which a beautiful young woman and child are immersed. The calm balance of all elements of the picture emphasizes the harmony of the image of the mother.
3rd – The idea of sublime beauty and harmony is associated with the work of Raphael Santi (1483-1520). The tireless pursuit of light and perfection is the essence of his artistic work. In 1515-1519, by order of the monastery of St. Sixtus in Pjačec, now called the “Sistine Madonna,” Raphael depicted not only the Divine Mother and Child, but also the miracle of the appearance of the Queen of Heaven, carrying her son to people as an atoning sacrifice. The appearance of Mary, full of love and strict grandeur, tenderness and determination. It captivates with its solemnity and simplicity at the same time. She steps lightly on the clouds, and Sixtus 4 and Saint Barbara bow reverently before her.
4th - A completely different image of the Mother of God has developed in Russian art. Old Russian masters, unlike Western European ones, created not paintings depicting the Mother of God, but icons.
5th – The main shrine of the Russian land “Our Lady of Vladimir” - an icon of the early 12th century. Take a closer look at this image... The Mother of God holds the Baby in her right hand, and the Child clings to her cheek and stretches out his arms, hugging her neck. Mary thought, hugging her Son to her. In her gaze we see both detachment and sadness: the Mother knows what suffering awaits her child.
The Russian people treat this icon with reverence. Russian princes and tsars prayed before her as they embarked on a campaign.
Teacher - Why did this particular icon become one of the greatest Russian shrines?
1st - legends about her are associated with the name of the Evangelist Luke and repeated participation in saving Moscow from Tatar raids.
2nd – the further history of the icon is closely connected with the name of Andrei Bogolyubsky. Prince Andrei Yuryevich set out to transfer the political center of the country from Kievan Rus to the Suzdal lands.
3rd - By that time, the icon had already manifested itself in miracles: it left its place three times, and once the parishioners saw it floating under the dome of the church. Filled with a desire to look at the miracle, the prince examined all the icons and chose this one. He went with her to Kyiv. And then to Rostov.
4th – On the way, the prince turned to the Mother of God for help several times, and the Mother of God helped him.
5th - In Vladimir, the icon healed the sick and crippled. And when he decided to transport the icon to Rostov, the horses did not even budge. The prince named that place Bogolyubov, and later he himself received the nickname Bogolyubsky.
Teacher - Since ancient times, the Mother of God has been considered the patroness and intercessor of the Russian land. Perhaps this is why Russian painters repeatedly turned to the image of the Mother of God, creating works of great artistic power - both church and secular.
Teacher - But these lines were dedicated to M.A. Voloshin to this icon:
And she is worried and sad
Looking through the swell of the future
Into the world's glowing distances,
Where the sunset is full of fires.
And such mournful excitement
In pure girlish features, that Face
In the flame of prayer every moment
How a living person changes his expression.
Teacher -
The journey through the vernissage is over. And let's remember and repeat once again what we talked about in class today:
How did cities in ancient Rus' transmit messages to each other about the approach of enemies? (using a bell)
Where can you hear a concert of bells? (In Rostov the Great, Suzdal)
What bells did we hear today? (holiday, alarm, everyday)
What architectural ensembles have survived to this day? (Cathedrals. The Cathedral of the Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary has been restored in our city)
What does the word monk mean? (secluded)
What qualities should a monk have?
Tell me, would any of you be able to give up worldly life like this?
What literary works did we remember today?
Teacher - You can find more in-depth material on topics in these books, on these sites. (Books and links to sites are projected on the screen)
SOUNDS: classical music.
Teacher - it is difficult to list all the gold mines of Russian folk culture and art. By getting to know her, introducing her into our everyday life, we become spiritually richer, more humane, because moral and aesthetic principles, expediency and beauty have merged in her. This is the experience of a wise, hardworking people, which can be constantly reborn if even a drop of memory remains in the souls of people.
And it’s time for me, the teacher of my hometown, to sing the praises of the great ones.
Painter - And I also want to say quiet words,
Thanks to the subject of the MHC.
Composer - What children remember, they know the entire culture of countries
And all past true events.
Architect – What do architects and craftsmen know?
Master - What musicians and composers know.
Or maybe a simple builder.
Teacher - Year after year I give to the children what I know!
And I am expanding my knowledge.
I conveyed it from my heart
A worthy culture to the hearts of children
Those days gone by.
SOUNDS:_______________________________________
Teacher - our lesson has come to an end. Thank you everyone for your active participation. Everyone gets an excellent rating. And your homework will be to write reports on the cultural monuments of your native land.
